Fig. 3.
Temporal profiling of ERS biomarkers in lobar HBECs in response to pine WSPM treatment. Expression of mRNA for the ERS biomarkers ATF3 (A), DDIT3 (B), HSPA1A (C), and spliced XBP1 (D) by lobar HBECs during treatment with pine WSPM (20 μg/cm2, filled circles) or vehicle (open circles) over time. Differences in the magnitude of induction should be noted. Each time point was normalized against the 0-hour vehicle-treated control and is presented as mean ± S.D. from n = 3 replicates. (E) Western blots confirming the upregulation of DDIT3 and HSP70 proteins in pine WSPM-treated HBECs. ATF3 and TRPV3 were not detected by Western blot; recently purchased TRPV3 antibody aliquots retain selectivity but show marked decreases in sensitivity for detecting TRPV3 in lung cells. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Statistical significance was determined using an ordinary two-way ANOVA using the Sidak multiple comparisons test.