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Scheme outlining the integrated ERS response, common stimuli, and common cellular responses. The overall ERS pathway is highlighted in blue, with bold text specifying the biomarkers that were used as indices of ERS in this study. The various ERS-inducing agents that were used are listed in the gray box. BiP, binding immunoglobulin protein; eIF2, eukaryotic initiation factor 2; p-eIF2, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2; UPR, unfolded protein response.
