Table 2.

List of different therapeutic drugs for combating Alzheimer's disease.

S. No.	Name of Drug		Action of Drug	Clinical Status			Models	Effects		Refs.
1.	CPC-201 (Donepezil + Solifenacin)		Acetylcholine-neurotransmitter based	Phase 2			Patients with AD type dementia	Cholinergic signaling is improved		[150]
2.	Galantamine		Anti-cholinesterase, Allosteric modulator of nAChRs	FDA approved			Patients with dementia related to cerebrovascular disease	Prevent and slow down the symptoms		[151]
3.	Bisnorcymserine		Anti-Butyrylcholinesterase, amyloid protein precursor inhibitor	Phase 1			AD patients above 55 years of age	Neurotransmission of acetylcholine		[152]
4.	TRx0237 (LMTX)		Anti-tau	Phase 3			Patients with mild form of AD up to 89 years of age	Inhibits misfolded tau protein aggregation		[153]
5.	NP001		Anti-inflammatory	Phase 1			Neuroinflammation in mild to moderate form of AD patients	Activates the immune system		[154]
6.	Solanezumab		Anti-amyloid	Phase 3			Mild dementia in patients due to AD	Slow down cognitive decline and decrease fibrillary plaques		[155]
7.	BAN2401		Anti-amyloid immunotherapy	Phase 3			Transgenic mouse models	Reduction amyloid beta protofibrils, cognitive decline and APOE4		[156]
8.	Candesartan		Neuroprotective, glial cell functions	FDA approved			Spontaneous hypertensive rats	Targets on vascular functioning, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker		[157]
9.	ANAVEX2-73		Anti-tau, metabolic	High dose – Phase 2, Mid dose -Phase 3			In-vivo mouse models of AD	Reduce tau phosphorylation and cell signaling is improved		[158]
10.	Bryostatin-1		Anti-amyloid, prevent tumor growth	Phase 2			Mild to moderate form of AD in patients	Improved cellular processes		[159]
11.	Donepezil		Anti-cholinesterase	FDA approved			Mild to moderate form of AD in patients	Slow down the symptoms of AD		[160]
12.	Memantine		Glutamate – NMDA receptor antagonist	FDA approved			Moderate to severe form of AD in patients	Slow down the symptoms in learning and memory pathways		[161]
13.	Formoterol		Metabolic	Phase 2			Ts65Dn Mouse model	Improvement in multicellular pathways		[162]
14.	hUCB-MSCs		Regenerative	Phase 1			Zebrafish, murid rodents, nonhuman primates and invertebrates such as Drosophila and C elegans	Regenerating neurons, proliferation of K562 (an erythromyeloblastoid cell line) and the cytokine secretion pattern		[163]
15.	Semorinemab		Anti-tau monoclonal antibody	Phase 2			Mouse models and clinical patients of AD	Targets N-terminus of all six isoforms of human type tau		[164] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03828747]
S. No.	Name of Drug	Action of Drug			Clinical Status	Models			Effects		Refs.
16.	STA-1	Neuroprotective			Phase 2	Patients with vascular dementia, Caenorhabditis elegans			Reduction in oxidative stress		[165]
17.	Probucol	Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory			Phase 2	Aged male rats (26 months old)			Synaptic functions improve and APOE gene activity is induced		[166]
18.	DAOIB	Neurotransmitter-NMDA based			Phase 2	Behavioral and psychological patients of AD			NMDA activity is enhanced		[153]
19.	Ifenprodil	Neuroprotective			Phase 1	In-vitro and in-vivo models			NMDA receptor antagonist -inhibits receptors containing NR2B subunits		[167]
20.	Riluzole	Neuroprotective, inhibits release of glutamic acid			Phase 2	5XFAD Transgenic mouse models of familial AD			Protection of neurons in brain		[168]
21.	Saracatinib	Anti-tau based therapy			Phase 1	Transgenic mouse models			Fyn kinase inhibitor to inhibit synaptotoxicity		[49]
22.	Morin	Interacts with nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes			-	Rats			Acts on free radicals, reduces oxidative stress and hyperammonemia		[169]

CR was able to enhance cognitive abilities, attenuate Aβ plaques in various brain regions and reduce NFT generation. The results have mostly remained consistent in different mouse strains indicating that CR diet working is not linear and regulates multiple causative factors in AD [127-129].