Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in UK individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), by renal disease progression and cardiovascular disease outcomes
| Baseline variables | Total no. T2DM and CKD subjects | Baseline eGFR Slope |
Incident heart failure | Incident myocardial infarction | Incident ischemic stroke | Incident MACE plus | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slope < –3 | Slope –3 to <0 | Slope 0–3 | Slope ≥3 | |||||||
| N (%)a | 30,222 | 8011 (27) | 7399 (24) | 6731 (22) | 8081 (27) | 1691 (5.6) | 459 (1.5) | 302 (1) | 2304 (7.6) | |
| Age, yr | Mean (SD) | 71 (11) | 71 (11) | 72 (10) | 71 (10) | 69 (11) | 74 (9) | 73 (10) | 74 (10) | 74 (9) |
| Male gender | n (%) | 13,942 (46) | 3858 (48) | 3522 (48) | 3037 (45) | 3525 (44) | 882 (52) | 273 (59) | 140 (46) | 1213 (53) |
| eGFR,b ml/min/1.73 m2 | Mean (SD) | 52 (16) | 55 (16) | 50 (17) | 50 (16) | 52 (15) | 47 (13) | 49 (16) | 47 (13) | 47 (14) |
| eGFR <60, ml/min/1.73 m2 | n (%) | 23,782 (79) | 5832 (73) | 6028 (82) | 5512 (82) | 6410 (79) | 1502 (89) | 382 (83) | 260 (86) | 2015 (88) |
| Smoker (yes)c | n (%) | 3387 (11) | 981 (12) | 740 (10) | 696 (10) | 970 (12) | 189 (11) | 64 (14) | 35 (12) | 269 (12) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | Mean (SD) | 138 (13) | 139 (14) | 138 (13) | 138 (13) | 137 (13) | 139 (15) | 140 (14) | 139 (14) | 139 (15) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | Mean (SD) | 75 (7) | 75 (8) | 74 (7) | 75 (7) | 75 (7) | 73 (8) | 74 (8) | 74 (7) | 74 (8) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | Mean (SD) | 30.6 (6) | 30.8 (6) | 30.5 (6) | 30.4 (6) | 30.7 (6) | 31 (6) | 30 (6) | 30.1 (5) | 30.7 (6) |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/l | Mean (SD) | 84 (29) | 83 (30) | 83(29) | 84 (29) | 85 (30) | 82 (29) | 86 (29) | 83 (29) | 83 (29) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | Mean (SD) | 162 (83) | 165(85) | 162 (83) | 159 (81) | 161 (83) | 166 (86) | 171 (92) | 168 (95) | 167 (88) |
| Hyperkalemia >5.5 mmol/l (yes) | n (%) | 731 (2.4) | 253 (3.2) | 215 (2.9) | 136 (2) | 127 (1.6) | 50 (3.0) | 15 (3.3) | 10 (3.3) | 70 (3) |
| Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor medication (yes)d | n (%) | 24,842 (82) | 6838 (85) | 6201 (84) | 5454 (81) | 6349 (79) | 1476 (87) | 382 (83) | 244 (81) | 1977 (86) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment (yes) | n (%) | 1297 (4) | 482 (6) | 266 (4) | 251 (4) | 298 (4) | 172 (10) | 29 (6) | 14 (5) | 204 (9) |
| T2DM duration ≥5 yr | n (%) | 15,267 (51) | 4342 (54) | 3824 (52) | 3363 (50) | 3738 (46) | 999 (59) | 258 (56) | 168 (56) | 1333 (58) |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a
Cumulative incidence rates for cardiovascular disease outcomes.
b
eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epi Equation.
c
Approximately 40% were classified as ex-smokers across all categories.
d
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor medication includes angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor medication (yes).