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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Betalain by chelating Fe+2, Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions which are among the basic needs of bacteria, betalain prevents them from entering the bacteria, resulting in the death of the bacteria.