Figure 12.

(a) Schematic of two neighboring grain structures crosslinked by the methyl groups in ZIF-8. Reprinted from [173] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) SEM images of the MAPbI₃-based layer formed on the surface of mp-TiO₂ with different ZIF-8 coating times: 0, 10, 20, and 40 min. Reprinted from [174] with permission. Copyright© 2015, WILEY. (c) SEM images of the perovskite films formed on c-TiO₂ and c-TiO₂/ZIF-8 layers with different ZIF-8 synthesis times; 0, 10, and 20 min followed by ultrasonic vibration for 3 min. Reprinted from [175] with permission. Copyright© 2020, American Chemical Society.