Table 2.

The chemical composition of A. absinthium herb.

Chemical Group	Compound	References
Sesquiterpenoid lactones	absintholide	[9,16]
	absinthin	[1,9,15,16,21,31]
	anabsin, ketopepenolid-A, β-santonin	[16]
	anabsinthin	[16,21,31]
	arabsin, ketopelenolide, santonin related lactones	[21]
	artabin	[16,21]
	artabsin	[15,16,21]
	artenolide, deacetyloglobicin, isoabsinthin, parishine B and C	[9]
	germacranolide, hydroxypelenolide	[34]
	caruifolin D	[41]
	matricin	[9,16]
Bitter principles	24-zeta-ethylcholesta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol, artamaridin, artamaridinin, artamarin, artamarinin, quebrachitol	[21]
Azulenes	3,6-dihydrochamazulene	[26]
	7-ethyl-1,4-dimethylazulene	[19]
	7-ethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dimethylazulene	[16]
	azulene	[1,21]
	chamazulene	[18,21,22,23,26,28]
	dihydrochamazulene isomer	[16]
	prochamazulenogen	[21]
Flavonoids	quercetin-3-rutinoside	[36]
	5,6,32′,5′-tetramethoxy 7,4′-hydroxyflavone	[21,42]
	5-hydroxy-3,3′,4′,6,7-pentamethoxyflavone, glycosides of quercetin	[21]
	apigenin, quercetin dihydrate, flavone, kaempferol, catechin, myristin, naryngenin	[22]
	artemetin	[1,21,34]
	Artemisia bis-isoflavonyl dirhamnoside, Artemisia isoflavonyl glucosyl diester	[1]
	casticin	[34]
	quercetin	[16]
	rutoside	[16,21]
Chalcones	cardamonin	[38,39]
Coumarins	herniarin	[27]
	coumarin	[22]
Phenolic acids	1′,3′-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1′,5′-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3′,5′-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4′,5′-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 5′-O-caffeoylquinic acid	[37]
	chlorogenic acid	[16,21,36,37]
	ferulic acid	[22,31]
	gallic acid	[22,35]
	caffeic acid	[16,21,22,31,35]
	coumaric acid, salicylic acid	[16]
	p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, tannic acid	[22]
	syringic acid, vanillic acid	[16,22]
Organic acids	succinic acid, malic acid, (E)-cinnamic acid	[22,31]
Fatty acids	9- hydroxy-(E)-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, 13- hydroxy-(E), (E)-9, 11-octadcadienoic acid, epoxyoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid	[1]
	dodecanoic acid	[18]
Sterols	3,11-dimethyldodecan-1,7-dioic acid-1-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6′- octadec-9′′-enoate, lanost-24-en-3β-ol-11-one-28-oic acid-21,23 α-olide-3β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′-dihydrocaffeoate-6′- decanoate	[40]
Fatty acid glycosides	ethyl linoleate, methyl linoleate, ethyl palmitate, methyl palmitate	[23]
Tannins	nd *	[16,21,22,31]
Lignans	nd	[16,21]
Carotenoids	nd	[16,21]
Resinous substances	nd	[31]
Polysaccharides	nd	[43]
Other compounds	(5Z)-2,6-dimethylocta-5,7-diene-2,3-diol	[19]
	(Z)-2,6-dimethylocta-5,7-diene-2,3-diol	[24,26]
	(Z)-jasmone, 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-pentadienylbenzene, 3-octanol, bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-2-en-7-ol, (E)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, benzeneacetaldehyde, fraganol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-metyl propanoic acid	[18]
	1H-benzocycloheptene, 4-hexen-1-ol, benzenemethanol, benzene, 1-butanol, en-in-dicycloether, (E)-photonerol,	[25]
	(E)-nuciferyl 2-methylpropanoate, albene, (E)-nuciferyl butanoate, hexanal, (Z)-nuciferyl propanoate	[23]
	trimethoxybezoic acid	[1]
	(E)-3-hexenyl butyrate	[19,26]
	nuciferol butanoate, nuciferol propionate	[21]
	silica	[31]
	stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol-21-oic acid-3β-glucopyranosyl-2′- octadec-9′′-enoate, tricosan-14-on-1,4-olide-5-eicos-9′-enoate	[40]

* nd—no data.