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. 2020 Aug 27;9(9):1103. doi: 10.3390/plants9091103

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Simplified illustration of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and the core flavonoid aglycon biosynthesis network. PAL (phenylalanine ammonium lyase), C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase), 4CL (4-coumarate:CoA ligase), CHS (naringenin-chalcone synthase), CHI (chalcone isomerase), FNS (flavone synthase), FLS (flavonol synthase), F3H/FHT (flavanone 3-hydroxylase), F3′H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase), F3′5′H (flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase), DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase), ANS/LDOX (anthocyanidin synthase/leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase), LAR/LCR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase/leucocyanidin reductase), and ANR (anthocyanidin reductase).