Table 1.

Application of magnetic field in seed germination.

Plant Species	Plant Organ	MF Intensity	Effects	References
Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.	Seeds	87–226 mT SMF	Increase in time and in mean germination rate, as well as in water uptake by seeds according to increasing intensity of magnetic field	[6]
Passiflora edulis Sims	Seeds	200 mT SMF	Stimulates seed germination, emergence, and vigor of seedlings	[8]
Cucumis sativus L.	Seeds	200 mT SMF	Superiority germinative and increased activities of hydrolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzyme system during germinating seeds	[17]
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.	Seeds Seedlings	150–200 mT SMF	Increase of photosynthetic rate, seed germination, crop yield, pigment synthesis, biomass, nitrogen metabolism, and root nodules	[16,26,45]
Cicer arietinum L.	Seeds, Seedlings	50–150 mT SMF	Enhanced performance in rate and speed of seed germination, superiority in the seedling growth, and in functional root parameters	[20,36]
Triticum aestivum L.	Seeds Seedlings	4–7 mT SMF	Enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth	[25]
Solanum lycopersicum Mill.	Seeds	50–332 mT SMF	Increase in germination rate, promoved biochemical and molecular changes involved in homeostasis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promoting the seed vigor	[19,38]
Zea mays L.	Seeds Seedlings	200 mT SMF	Enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth, a-amylase, protease, and free-radicals	[21,37]
Raphanus sativus L.	Seeds	8–20 mT SMF	Increased the rate and the vigor index of germination	[39]
Capsicum annuum L.	Seeds Seedlings	57–60 mT SMF	Enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth, and yield and fruit quality	[46]
Hordeum vulgare L.	Seeds Seedlings	35 mT SMF	Enhancement of seed germination and seedling establishment under normal or saline stress conditions	[47]
Helianthus annuus L.	Seeds Seedlings	50–200 mT SMF	Increased the speed of germination and induced the early vigor of seedlings	[48]
Oryza sativa L.	Roots Seeds	125–250 mT MF	Increased root and stem length Increased germination dynamics in seeds	[49]
Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Seeds Seedlings	4–7 mT 130 mT MF	Enhancement of seed germination and seedling growth, and promoted mitotic activity in meristematic plant cells Increase of glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity in leaves	[25,50]