Table 1.
Farm 1 | Farm 2 | Farm 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | ||||
EO yield (% v/w) | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.2 | |||
# a | RI b | RI c | Class/Compound | ||||||||||||||||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 38.72 | 35.79 | 38.37 | 37.59 | 37.84 | 40.94 | 40.10 | 39.97 | 36.92 | 39.25 | 41.64 | 46.13 | 40.03 | 36.63 | 39.76 | 35.41 | 31.79 | 47.62 | |||
2 | 926 | 930 | α-thujene | 1.46 | 1.41 | 1.09 | 1.39 | 1.61 | 1.77 | 1.45 | 1.58 | 1.00 | 1.58 | 1.83 | 1.87 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.41 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 2.23 |
3 | 934 | 939 | α-pinene | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.63 | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.59 | 0.87 |
4 | 949 | 954 | camphene | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.10 |
5 | 972 | 975 | sabinene | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.24 | |
6 | 976 | 979 | β-pinene | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.20 |
9 | 987 | 991 | myrcene | 2.23 | 2.17 | 1.99 | 2.24 | 2.43 | 2.69 | 2.23 | 2.35 | 2.18 | 2.42 | 2.75 | 2.74 | 2.01 | 2.23 | 2.30 | 2.34 | 2.09 | 3.12 |
10 | 1000 | 1003 | α-phellandrene | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.42 |
11 | 1008 | 1004 | p-mentha-1(7),8-diene | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.10 |
12 | 1016 | 1017 | α-terpinene | 3.11 | 2.83 | 2.18 | 2.81 | 3.10 | 3.35 | 2.63 | 3.06 | 3.22 | 3.10 | 3.62 | 3.60 | 2.24 | 2.86 | 3.18 | 2.95 | 2.90 | 4.13 |
13 | 1028 | 1025 | p-cymene | 6.16 | 5.61 | 8.77 | 7.05 | 6.82 | 7.42 | 7.47 | 6.15 | 5.56 | 7.18 | 6.42 | 8.13 | 9.38 | 6.47 | 6.20 | 6.24 | 4.62 | 7.79 |
14 | 1032 | 1030 | limonene | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.65 |
15 | 1043 | 1037 | cis-ocimene | 2.29 | 2.06 | 4.41 | 3.01 | 2.74 | 2.79 | 2.97 | 2.52 | 2.10 | 2.71 | 3.05 | 3.04 | 4.17 | 1.90 | 2.37 | 2.09 | 1.69 | 3.06 |
16 | 1055 | 1050 | trans-ocimene | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.44 |
17 | 1072 | 1060 | γ-terpinene | 21.27 | 19.60 | 17.78 | 18.85 | 18.67 | 20.31 | 21.22 | 21.90 | 20.53 | 19.72 | 21.07 | 23.95 | 18.90 | 19.56 | 22.09 | 18.07 | 16.94 | 24.14 |
19 | 1100 | 1088 | terpinolene | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.10 |
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 56.38 | 55.06 | 51.54 | 56.50 | 56.38 | 53.28 | 53.81 | 54.98 | 54.86 | 54.38 | 50.94 | 47.80 | 48.39 | 57.54 | 48.63 | 58.61 | 62.61 | 45.27 | |||
18 | 1080 | 1070 | cis-sabinene hydrate | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.54 | |
20 | 1112 | 1097 | linalool | 0.45 | 0.24 | 0.90 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.18 | 0.57 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 1.40 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.72 |
21 | 1173 | 1169 | borneol | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 |
22 | 1181 | 1177 | terpinen-4-ol | 0.59 | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.69 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.62 |
23 | 1196 | 1189 | α-terpineol | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
24 | 1237 | 1235 | thymol methyl ether | 1.68 | 1.09 | 4.89 | 1.79 | 1.55 | 0.87 | 2.36 | 1.41 | 1.40 | 1.90 | 1.70 | 1.59 | 4.05 | 1.36 | 1.92 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.95 |
25 | 1247 | 1245 | carvacrol methyl ether | 2.58 | 2.51 | 2.62 | 2.93 | 3.41 | 3.70 | 2.48 | 2.67 | 3.15 | 3.09 | 3.80 | 3.58 | 2.46 | 2.68 | 2.98 | 2.88 | 2.72 | 3.97 |
26 | 1305 | 1290 | thymol | 50.33 | 50.08 | 41.95 | 50.03 | 49.69 | 47.04 | 47.13 | 49.03 | 48.68 | 47.39 | 43.39 | 40.56 | 39.28 | 51.67 | 41.77 | 52.87 | 57.24 | 36.91 |
27 | 1310 | 1299 | carvacrol | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.38 |
28 | 1356 | 1352 | thymol acetate | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | ||||
Sesquiterpenes | 4.05 | 7.89 | 8.37 | 4.95 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 4.28 | 4.15 | 6.61 | 5.10 | 6.37 | 5.39 | 8.16 | 4.84 | 10.14 | 4.89 | 4.90 | 5.98 | |||
29 | 1379 | 1377 | α-copaene | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||
30 | 1387 | 1388 | β-bourbonene | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
31 | 1423 | 1419 | β-caryophyllene | 1.05 | 1.98 | 2.17 | 1.31 | 1.23 | 1.30 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.94 | 1.30 | 1.47 | 1.33 | 1.54 | 1.08 | 2.20 | 1.14 | 1.04 | 1.33 |
32 | 1433 | 1432 | β-copaene | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |
33 | 1437 | 1435 | α-trans-bergamotene | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||
34 | 1459 | 1455 | α-humulene | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
35 | 1466 | 1460 | allo-aromadendrene | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
36 | 1480 | 1480 | γ-muurolene | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.70 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.05 | ||
37 | 1486 | 1485 | germacrene D | 0.64 | 1.38 | 1.29 | 0.93 | 1.46 | 1.44 | 0.34 | 0.99 | 1.96 | 1.42 | 0.30 | 0.68 | 3.12 | 0.85 | 1.53 | 1.79 | ||
38 | 1500 | 1496 | γ-amorphene | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||
39 | 1500 | 1499 | α-muurolene | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.11 | |||||||
40 | 1512 | 1506 | β-bisabolene | 0.90 | 1.93 | 1.86 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 0.94 | 1.86 | 1.16 | 1.34 | 1.26 | 1.76 | 1.20 | 2.15 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.35 |
41 | 1519 | 1514 | γ-cadinene | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
42 | 1528 | 1523 | δ-cadinene | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.82 | 0.32 | 0.56 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
43 | 1538 | 1535 | α-cadinene | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |||||||||||||
44 | 1565 | 1563 | (E)-nerolidol | ||||||||||||||||||
45 | 1585 | 1601 | spathulenol | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.06 | ||
46 | 1590 | 1640 | globulol | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.10 |
47 | 1650 | 1641 | epi-a-muurolol | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.12 | |
48 | 1654 | 1642 | cubenol | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | |||||||
49 | 1663 | 1653 | α-cadinol | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.21 |
50 | 1768 | 1761 | cis-lanceol | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.61 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.21 |
Others | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.13 | |||
1 | 852 | 855 | 2-(E)-hexenal | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
7 | 978 | 978 | octen-3-ol | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||
8 | 984 | 984 | 3-octanone | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 38.72 | 35.79 | 38.37 | 37.59 | 37.84 | 40.94 | 40.10 | 39.97 | 36.92 | 39.25 | 41.64 | 46.13 | 40.03 | 36.63 | 39.76 | 35.41 | 31.79 | 47.62 | |||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 56.38 | 55.06 | 51.54 | 56.50 | 56.38 | 53.28 | 53.81 | 54.98 | 54.86 | 54.38 | 50.94 | 47.80 | 48.39 | 57.54 | 48.63 | 58.61 | 62.61 | 45.27 | |||
Sesquiterpenes | 4.05 | 7.89 | 8.37 | 4.95 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 4.28 | 4.15 | 6.61 | 5.10 | 6.37 | 5.39 | 8.16 | 4.84 | 10.14 | 4.89 | 4.90 | 5.98 | |||
Others | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
a The numbering refers to elution order, and values (relative peak area percent) represent averages of 3 determinations; b retention index (RI) relative to standard mixture of n-alkanes on SPB-5 column. c Literature retention index (RI) [42].