Figure 11.
Illustration of triangular electrodes used by Hölzel [124] to manipulate proteins. (a) Sketch of triangular electrodes with 500 nm spacing provided between two electrodes to trap proteins with the help of a suitable electric potential. (b) Analysis of electric field and gradient in COMSOL v4.0 AC/DC module. The color intensity map shows the electrode plane field gradient. Near the center of the electrodes, there is a very high gradient generated of the order of ≈5.5 × 1021 V^2/M^3. ©Figure 11a adapted with Copywrite clearance and reprinted (adapted) with permission from: Copyright (2020) American Physical Society, ID: RNP/20/JUL/028426.