Figure 2.
Various programmable shape-memory polymeric artificial muscles based on (a) PCL and polydopamine (Reprinted (adapted) with permission [40]. Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society); (b) hydrogel (Reprinted (adapted) with permission [68]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society); (c) liquid crystal elastomer (Reprinted (adapted) with permission [69]. Copyright 2020 John Wiley and Sons).
