Table 5.

List of Current Techniques for Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in UWSNs.

Energy Efficient Protocol	Methodology	Advantages	Requirements	Performance
Joint Routing and Energy Management [65]	Minimize nodes communication energy throughout data transmission process	Balance energy distribution of all nodes	Next hops address, node capacity and low energy data transmission	Fair
DRP [66]	Find a path with high energy and transmission rate	Prolongs network lifetime, improve throughput	Periodic broadcast of HELLO packets	High
E-CBCCP [67]	Consider energy of the cluster heads	Reduce nodes communication cost and high network lifetime	Ocean environment is stable	Fair
EBET & EEBET [68]	Selection of high energy node	Practical for large scale network	Predetermined location of sensor nodes	Fair
E-CARP [69]	Allows the previous collected data to be stored at the sink node	Effective communication cost; Minimize energy consumption	Predefined location of both sensor and sink nodes	High
EBECRP [70]	Exploit the use of mobile sinks	Prolong network lifetime by reducing number of data transmissions	Sinks have knowledge of sparse and dense regions	Fair
SEEC, CSEEC & CDSEEC [71]	Perform clustering and the used of sink mobility	Minimize the energy consumption of sparse regions	Depth threshold of each node is 25 m	Fair