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. 2020 Sep 10;25(18):4145. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184145

Table 2.

Activity Found in the Isolated Compounds from Mexican Plants.

Plant/Extract Experiment 1 AC 2 Other Activity Found
Acacia angustissima/Methanol extract (ME). In vivo: ME: AHT (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of bw) and OGTT (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-treated rats. BP: TC, TG, LDL and HDL [12].
In vitro: Lipid peroxidation and protein content in kidney, glucose incorporation assay in adipocytic cells.		 1
2
3 		1 Decreases blood glucose in diabetic rats; insulin-sensitizing [96,97]. 2 is in vitro and in vivo AG inhibitor [98], and hypoglycemic (CHT), glucose oxidizing and insulin-mimetic agent [99]. 3 lowers blood glucose level (CHT), glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; increases the activities of hexokinase, G6PD, and GSH by increasing level of insulin; reduces the total cholesterol and triglycerides in both plasma and tissues i.e., liver and kidney [100].
Acourtia thurberi/Aque-ous extract
(WE).		 In vivo: WE: AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-treated mice using half-log interval doses (31.6, 100, and 316.2 mg/kg of bw of the extract and 3.2, 10, and 31.6 mg/kg of bw of compounds for all experiments) [13].
In vitro: WE: Y-AG (IC50 = 566.7 μg/mL).		 4 (31.6 mg/kg)
5 (3.2-31.6 mg/kg/944.9 μM)
6 (3.2-31.6 mg/kg/944.9 μM)
7 (3.2-31.6 mg/kg/3.98 μM) 		-
Acosmium panamense/Aq-eous (WE) and butanol (BE) extracts. In vivo: WE: AHT (20 and 200 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated rats. BE: AHT (20 and 100 mg/kg of bw) STZ-treated rats. Dose of compounds 9 and 10 for AHT: 20 mg/kg of bw [15]. 9 (20 mg/kg)
10 (20 mg/kg) 		-
Agarista mexicana/Chlo-roform extract (CHE). In vivo: CHE: AHT in healthy (150 mg/kg of bw) and alloxan-treated mice (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of bw) and OGTT in alloxan-treated rats (150 mg/kg of bw). Dose of compounds 11 and 12 for AHT was 50 mg/kg of bw [17]. 11 (50 mg/kg)
12 (50 mg/kg) 		-
Ageratina petiolaris/Aqu-
eous (WE) and methanol (ME).		 In vivo: WE: AHT (40 and 160 mg/kg of bw), OGTT (160 mg/kg bw); PTT (160 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-NA-treated rats. ME: AHT (67 and 268 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-NA-treated rats. Dose of 14 for AHT was 3.73 mg/kg of bw [18].
In vitro: WE: G6Pase Activity (IC50 = 223 μg/mL) [19].		 13 (56 μg/mL)
14 (3.73 mg/kg) 		-
Annona cherimola/Etha-nol extract (EE). In vivo: EE: AHT, CHT in healthy and alloxan-treated rats; OGTT and OSTT in Normoglycemic rats at a dose of 300 mg/kg of bw for the extract and 30 mg/kg of bw for 20 in all experiments (AHT, CHT, OGTT and OSTT); 20 was active in all experiments [20]. 20 (30 mg/kg) -
Anoda cristata/Mucil-age (M), free mucilage aqueous (FM-WE), aqueous (WE) and organic (OE) extracts. In vivo: WE and M tested in AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice (31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw). FM-WE: AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice (31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw); OGTT and CHT in metabolic syndrome induced rats (100, and 316 mg/kg of bw). BP: cholesterol, TG, uric acid and glucose. (most active). OE: OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice (31.6, 56.2, and 100 mg/kg of bw). Doses of 21 and 22 for AHT were 3, 10, and 31.6 mg/kg of bw [21]. 21 (3, and 31.6 mg/kg)
22( 3-31.6 mg/kg) 		21 and 22 are PPAR agonists and antioxidants [101].
Artemisia ludoviciana/Es-
sential oil (EO), organic (OE) and aqueous (WE) extracts.		 In vivo: EO, OE, and WE tested in AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-treated mice (31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw). Isolated compounds: Cotreatment with Ca2+ and K+ ion channels regulators (17.7 mg/kg bw); the doses of 23 and 25 for AHT were 5.6, 17.7, and 31.6 mg/kg of bw.
In vitro: Y-AG for isolated compounds [22].		 23 (17.7, 31.6 mg/kg; 0.49 μM)
24
25 (5.6,17.7 and 31.6 mg/kg)
26 (545.2 μM)
27 		23 and 24 lowers blood glucose levels through the up-regulation of GK activity, plasma insulin and adiponectin concentration, downregulated G6Pase and PEPCK activities, and sustained pancreatic β-cell function [102,103]. 27: inhibits AG [104].
Arracacia tolucensis/Hex-ane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and ethanol (EE) extracts. In vivo: HE, EAE, EE: CHT (250 mg/kg of bw). Hematic biometry and BP: urea, creatinine, cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT, and bilirubin; EAE was the most active) [23]. no compounds were tested in this experiment -
Brickellia veronicaefolia/
Essential oil (EO), chloroform (CHE) and organic (OE) extracts.		 In vivo: OE and EO: AHT, OGTT in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice (OE doses: 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of bw; EO doses: 10 mg/kg of bw). CHE: isolation of compounds for testing in AHT in healthy and alloxan-treated mice. The doses of 30 for AHT were 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg of bw [24]. 30 (50 mg/kg) -
Bromelia karatas/Ethanol:water (EWE), aqueous (WE) and organic (OE) extracts. In vivo: WE tested in AHT (35 and 350 mg/kg of bw), CHT (218 mg/kg of bw) and PTT (218 mg/kg) in STZ-NA rats. EWE in AHT (30 and 350 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-NA rats. BP: HbA1c, HDL, TG and cholesterol. The doses of 31, 3 and 32 for AHT were 72, 3.63, and 1.8 mg/kg of bw, respectively [26,27].
In vitro: G6Pase Activity [19].		 31 (72 mg/kg)
32 (1.8 mg/kg)
3 (3.63 mg/kg)
33 		31 and 33 have hypoglycemic effects in STZ-NA rats treated with doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg for 21 days to improve biochemical and hematological parameters [105].
Calea oliveri/Aqueo-us extract (WE) and essential oil (EO). In vivo: WE tested in AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA mice (dose of 56, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw for all experiments). EO: OSTT (31.6, 100 and 316 mg/kg of bw). The dose of 39 for OSTT were 5.6, 10, and 31.6 mg/kg of bw; the dose of both 42 and 43 for OSTT were 3.16, 7 and 10 mg/kg of bw.
In vitro: Y-AG for WE (IC50 = 0.169 mg/mL) and isolated compounds [28,29].		 21
27
39 (5.6-31.6 mg/kg)
40 (0.42 mM)
41
42 (3.16-10 mg/kg)
43 (3.16-10 mg/kg; 0.28 mM)
45 (0.16 mM)
46
47 (0.53 mM) 		46 Restores PA-induced loss of β-cell mass and function through AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy [106]; inhibits AG [107]. 45 and 47 Increase glucose uptakes in skeletal muscle by activating the JAK/STAT pathway, and by CaMKKβ/AMPK and insulin signalling pathways, respectively [108].
Cecropia obtusifolia/But-anol (BE) and aqueous (WE) extracts. In vivo: WE tested in AHT (90 and 150 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated rats. CHT in diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. BP: Serum glucose, cholesterol, TG and insulin levels were determined every 15 days; HbA1c, ALT, AST, and ALKP measured every month. BE: AHT (9 and 15 mg/kg of bw), OMTT (96 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-NA-treated rats. The dose of both 13 and 54 for AHT were 10 mg/kg of bw).
In vitro: Y-AG for BE (IC50 =14 μg/mL); adipogenesis and 2-NBDglucose uptake in 3T3-F442A murine adipocytes [30,31,32].		 13 (10 mg/kg)
54 (10 mg/kg) 		54 Inhibits AG [109].
Cochlospermum vitifolium/Hex-
ane (HE), dichlorometh-ane (DE) and methanol (ME) extracts.		 In vivo: HE and DE assay in AHT (120 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-NA-treated rats. ME: in AHT (100 mg/kg of bw), OGTT (100 mg/kg of bw), CHT (100 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-NA-treated rats. BP: Glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and TG.
In vitro: Hepatoprotective activity assay and RI-AG for ME (IC50 = 1.9 mg/ML) [34,35].		 55 55 Could prevent functional changes in vascular reactivity in diabetic rats through nitric oxide- and no prostaglandin-dependent pathways [110].
Coriandrum sativum/Aque-ous extract (WE). In vivo: WE tested in OSTT (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of bw) in healthy rats. The dose of 20 for OSTT was 50 mg/kg of bw).
In vitro: Y-AG for WE (IC50 = 1.63 mg/mL) [36].		 20 (50 mg/kg) -
Cucurbita ficifolia/Juice (J) and aqueous (WE) extracts. In vivo: J tested in AHT (4ml/kg) in Type 2 diabetic patients with moderate hyperglycemia; AHT (125, 250, 500, 594.49, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/kg of bw) and CHT (1000 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and alloxan-treated mice. EW: CHT (200 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated mice [37,39,41].
In vitro: Effect on [Ca2+]i in RINm5F cells. Viability assays using DRAQ7™ probe. Participation of C. ficifolia as regulator of [Ca2+]i through K+ ATP channels [40].		 3 -
Equisetum myriochaetum/Aqueous (WE) and
butanol (BE) extracts.		 In vivo: WE and BE assayed in AHT (7 and 13, 8 and 16 mg/kg of bw for WE and BE, respectively) in STZ-treated rats. WE tested in AHT (330 mg/kg of bw) in type 2 diabetic patients. BP: Glucose, TG, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin. OMTT (96 mg/kg of bw) and PTT (330 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated rats. Dose not reported for 62 in AHT.
In vitro: G6Pase activity and Y-AG for WE [19,32,43,44].		 62 -
Eysenhardtia platycarpa/Met-hanol extract (ME). In vivo: ME tested in AHT (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated rats. The doses of 69 for AHT were 3.1, 10, and 31 mg/kg of bw [45,46]. 69 (31 mg/kg)
2
70
34 		70 Acts as hypoglycemic and anti-obesity agent mainly through reducing the absorption of glucose, decreasing endogenous glucose production, increasing insulin sensitivity, improving lipid homeostasis, and weight regulation [111].
Eysenhardtia polystachya/A-queous (WE) and
methanol: water (MWE) extracts.		 In vivo: WE tested in AHT in alloxan-treated mice. MWE in AHT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated mice; CHT (400 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated mice; OGTT (400 mg/kg of bw) in normal and STZ-treated mice. Compound 104: Tested in experimental diabetic nephropathy model to study pathological changes in the kidney (dose: 100 mg/kg of bw) [47,48,49,50,51].
In vitro: MWE tested for determining advanced glycation end-product formation [50].		 93
96
99
102
104 (100 mg/kg) 		-
Exostema caribaeum/Aq-ueous extract (WE). In vivo: WE tested in AHT and OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice. Doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of bw for all experiments [52]. 13
106 		-
Hamelia patens/Ethanol:water (1:1) (EWE), aqueous (WE) and methanol (ME) extracts. In vivo: EWE and WE tested in AHT (30 and 300 mg/kg of bw, and 60 and 600 mg/kg of bw for EWE and WE, respectively) in STZ-NA-treated rats. ME assayed in CHT (35, 75 and 150 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-treated rats [53,54].
In vitro: Y-AG for ME (IC50 = 78.3 μg/mL).		 13
47
2
112
113 		112 Exhibits significant potential as an antidiabetic agent by suppressing the progression of type 2 diabetic states that is suggested by attenuation of hepatic glucose output and enhancement of adipocyte glucose uptake, insulin secretion, and antioxidant capacity [112]. 113 improves insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-fed mice and inhibits AG [113,114].
Hintonia latiflora/Orga-
nic (OE) and aqueous (WE) and endophytic fungus extracts.		 In vivo: OE tested in AHT (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-treated rats. In CHT (50 and 100 mg/kg of bw) in STZ rats. The doses of compounds 106-109 and 114-117 for CHT were 15 and 30 mg/kg of bw. WE tested in AHT (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg of bw), OSTT (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-NA-treated rats. The doses of 122 for AHT and OSTT were 3.1, 10, and 31.6 mg/kg of bw [55,56,57,58,115]. The doses of 116 for OSTT was 50 mg/kg of bw.
In vitro: Determination of hepatic glycogen, Y-AG for compounds.		 106 (30 mg/kg)
107 (30 mg/kg)
108 (30 mg/kg)
109 (30 mg/kg)
115 (30 mg/kg)
116 (30 mg/kg)
120 (23.8 μM)
121 (15.8 μM)
122 (AHT: 31.6mg/kg; OSTT:10 mg/kg; 22.1 μM)
13
118 		-
Hintonia standleyana/Or-ganic extract (OE). In vivo: OE tested in AHT (10 and 100 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-treated rats; CHT (50 and 100 mg/kg of bw) in STZ rats and developing hyperglycemic situation in rats. The doses of compounds 115, 116, 123, and 124 for AHT were 10 mg/kg of bw. The doses of both 115 and 116 for CHT were 15 and 30 mg/kg of bw [56,59]. 115 (15 mg/kg)
116 (15 mg/kg)
123 (10 mg/kg)
124 (10 mg/kg)
109 		-
Ibervillea sonorae/Aque-ous (WE), juice (J),
Dichlorometh-ane (DE) and methanol (ME) extracts.		 In vivo: extracts tested in AHT in healthy and alloxan-treated mice (ip administration; the doses of WE were 150, 300, 600, and 850mg/kg of bw; dose for J, DE, and ME: 300 and was 600 mg/kg of bw). WE: Tested in a murine model of obesity and hyperglycemia, induced by a high-calorie diet; the relationship of these effects with hepatic oxidation were observed.
In vitro: WE was assayed for glucose uptake in insulin- sensitive, and insulin-resistant murine and human cultured adipocytes; both in the absence or the presence of insulin signaling pathway inhibitors, and on murine and human adipogenesis [60,61,62,63,64].		 - -
Ipomoea pes-caprae/hexane (HE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts. In vitro: Y-AG of isolated compounds [65]. 142 (626 μM)
144 (724 μM)
155 (1067 μM)
159 (330 μM) 		-
Justicia spicigera/Etha-
nol extract (EE).		 In vivo: EE tested in OSTT (100 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-NA-treated rats. Effect on the glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant murine 3T3-F442A and human subcutaneous adipocytes [66]. 169 169 Induces hypoglycemic effect in normal and in alloxan-induced diabetic rats; inhibits GLUT4 mediated glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells by interfering with the insulin signaling pathway, and by directly interacting with membrane GLUT4 [116,117].
Ligusticum porteri/Organic extract (OE). In vivo: OE tested in AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA mice; the doses were 56.2, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw for all experiments. The doses of 170–171 for OGTT were 10, 31.2 and 56.2 mg/kg of bw for all compounds. The doses of 172 for OSTT were 10 and 56.2 mg/kg of bw.
In vitro: Y-AG for isolated compounds [67].		 171 (10-56.2 mg/kg)
172 (10 and 56.2 mg/kg; 2.5 mM) 		-
Melampodium perfoliatum/Aq-ueous extract (WE). In vivo: OSTT in STZ-NA-treated mice for isolated compound 175 (doses: 3.16, 10 and 31.6 mg/kg of bw).
In vitro: RI-AG for extract (IC50 = 985.2 µg/mL) and isolated compound [68].		 175 (3.16-31.6 mg/kg; 6.5 mM) -
Mosannona depressa/Aqu-eous (WE), butanol (BE) and ethanol (EE) extracts. In vivo: AHT in STZ-treated rats for WE (40 and 80 mg/kg of bw), EE (113 mg/kg of bw) and BE (80 mg/kg bw); the last one was the most active. BE tested in OMTT (96 mg/kg of bw) and CHT (50 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-treated rats; and stimulation of insulin secretion in STZ-treated rats; BP measuring glucose, TG, cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured. EE: PTT (60 and 80 mg/kg of bw) in n5-STZ rats after an 18-h fasting period.
In vitro: Effect on glucose-6-phosphatase activity for EE (IC50= 267.62 μg/mL) and Y-AG for BE (IC50= 267.62 μg/mL) [32,69,70,71].		 - -
Opuntia streptacantha/Li-quefied (LE) filtrate extract (FE) and juice (J). In vivo: LE tested in AHT (135 mg/kg of bw) and MTT (135 mg/kg of bw) in n5-STZ rats. FE: in AHT (12 and 27 mg/kg of bw) and MTT (12 and 27 mg/kg of bw) in n5-STZ rats. J in MTT (4 mL/kg) in n5-STZ rats.
In vitro: RI-AG [72,73].		 - -
Psacalium decompositum/Aqueous (WE), methanol (ME) and hexane (HE) extracts. In vivo: WE tested in AHT (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and alloxan mice; in OGTT (dose not specified) in healthy rabbits; CHT (150 mg/kg of bw) in rats with 12 weeks fructose feeding. ME and HE tested in AHT (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of bw for both extracts) in healthy mice. The doses of 180-183 for AHT were 50 and 100 mg/kg of bw [74,75,76,77].
In vitro: Compounds tested in diazoxide-induced relaxation of male rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine.		 180
182 		-
Psacalium paucicapitatum Aqueous extract (WE). In vivo: WE tested in CHT and OGTT in mice with 12 weeks fructose feedings [78]. - -
Phoradendron reichenbachianum/Acetone extract (AE) In vivo: AE tested in AHT (100 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-NA rats. CHT, OGTT, and OSTT for isolated compounds in STZ-NA rats (the doses of all the compounds tested were 50 mg/kg of bw) [79,80,81].
In vitro: Inhibitory activity of compounds against protein tyrosine phosphatase1B (PTP-1B). Assay for 11β-HSD1 inhibition [79].		 188 (50 mg/kg)
189 (50 mg/kg)
70 (50 mg/kg)
118 (50 mg/kg)
21
34 		34 Attenuates insulin resistance in adipose tissue via IRS-1/Akt mediated insulin signaling in high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic rats [118].
Rhizophora mangle/Aque-ous (WE) and ethanol:water (EW) extracts. In vivo: WE tested in AHT (5.9 and 59 mg/kg of bw), OMTT (56 mg/kg of bw) in STZ-NA-treated rats. EW assayed in AHT (9 and 90 mg/kg of bw), CHT (90 mg/kg of bw) and PTT (90 mg/kg) in healthy and STZ-NA rats [19,82,83,84].
In vitro: G6Pase activity for EW (IC50= 99 μg/mL) and RI-AG [19,32].		 113
204 		204 Induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo [119].
Salvia circinnata/Aqu-eous extract (WE). In vivo: WE tested in AHT, OGTT, and OSTT in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice. Doses of 31.6, 100 and 316 mg/kg of bw for all experiments.
The doses for 213 and 214 for OSTT were 3.1, 10, and 31.6 mg/kg of bw, and 1, 3.1, and 10 mg/kg of bw, respectively.
In vitro: RI-AG [85].		 208 (39 μM)
213 (3.1-31.6 mg/kg; 500 μM)
214 (1-10 mg/kg; 810 μM)
215 (200 μM)
216 (1800 μM) 		-
Smilax aristolochiifolia/Acetone (AE), ethanol:water (EWE) and aqueous (WE) extracts. In vivo: AE and 217 (25 mg/kg of bw) tested in the insulin tolerance curve in mice with a high-caloric diet.
In vitro: Pancreatic α-amylase and Y-AG testing for WE, EWE, and compounds [86,87].		 217 (25 mg/kg)
13 		-
Smilax moranensis/Aq-ueous (WE) and ethanol (EE) extracts. In vivo: WE tested in AHT (20 and 200 mg/kg of bw) in n5-STZ-treated rats. EE assayed in AHT (8 and 80 mg/kg of bw), CHT (80 mg/kg of bw), PTT (80 mg/kg of bw), MTT (80 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-NA rats; and BP measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile (HDL, TG and cholesterol).
In vitro: G6Pase activity for EE (IC50 = 84 μg/mL) and Y-AG [19,84,88,89].		 13 (63 μg/mL)
219 		219 Induces effects that might contribute to the protection of β cells in diabetes; it reduces insulin secretion in animals with hyperinsulinemia [120,121].
Swietenia humilis/Aqueo-us extract (WE). In vivo: WE tested in AHT (31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw) OGTT (31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg of bw), OSTT (100, 177, and 316 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-NA-treated mice; OGTT (100 and 316 mg/kg of bw) in metabolic syndrome in Sprague Dawley rats (FF-MS). CHT (100 and 316 mg/kg of bw) in FF-MS-induced rats; BP measuring glucose, TG, total cholesterol and uric acid. The doses of all 221, 222, and 224 for AHT and OGTT were 3.16, 10 and 31.6 mg/kg of bw.
In vitro: Measurement of hepatic glycogen content and serum insulin levels. Studies on INSE1, H4IIE and C2C12 cells to assess insulin secretion; glucose uptake and mitochondrial bioenergetics, respectively; and glucose-6-phosphatase inhibition [90,91,92].		 221 (3.16-31.6 mg/kg)
222 (3.16-31.6 mg/kg)
224 (3.16-31.6 mg/kg)
228 (16.27 μM) 		-
Tecoma stans/Aqueous (WE) and ethanol:water (EWE) extracts. In vivo: WE tested in AHT (500 mg/kg of bw), CHT (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of bw), OGTT (500 mg/kg of bw) and OSTT (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of bw) in healthy and STZ-treated rats.
In vitro: Pancreatic lipase inhibition for EWE (30% inhibition) and compounds [93,94].		 229 (85.03%)
231 (32.83%)
232 (36.29%) 		231 Inhibits alpha glucosidases [109].
Turnera diffusa/Metha-nol extract (ME). In vivo: ME assayed in AHT in normoglycemic and alloxan-treated mice. The doses of 234 for AHT were 1 and 5 mg/kg of bw.
In vitro: Y-AG [95].		 234 (1-5mg/kg;
> 330μg/mL) 		-

1AHT: Acute hypoglycemic test. OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test. OSTT: Oral sucrose tolerance test. OMTT: Oral maltose tolerance test. CHT: Chronic hypoglycemic test. Y-AG: Yeast α-glucosidase inhibition. RI-AG: Rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibition. BP: Blood Biochemical profile. PTT: Pyruvate tolerance test. 2 Active compound with defined mechanism of action: α-glucosidase; increasing plasmatic insulin levels; insulin sensitivity; other mechanisms; unknown mechanism of action, (active dose/IC50).