Figure 1.

Electric field norm distributions of the traveling transverse-electric (TE) counter-clockwise (CCW) mode inside a bare microtoroid simulated using (a) 2D axisymmetric method and (b) 3D eigenfrequency. Electric field norm distributions of the (c) symmetric (SM) mode and (d) antisymmetric (ASM) mode were simulated using a 3D eigenfrequency model. The perturbative polystyrene nanosphere has a radius of 50 nm and is positioned with a 10 nm radial gap between it and the microtoroid equator. (e) Theoretically simulated mode splitting transmission spectrum. The SM mode experiences a frequency redshift of $2g$ and a linewidth broadening $\Gamma$, which is quantified by a full width at half maximum linewidth in Hz. The color bar for all electric field norm distributions is given in (b).