Table 2.
Summary statistics (Mean [CI 95%]) for COP parameters, electromyographic RMS and cognitive performance in pwPD.
| Eyes Open Single-Task | Eyes Open Dual-Task | Eyes Closed Single-Task | Eyes Closed Dual-Task | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COP Pathway (mm) | 1606 [933–2280] | 2105 [930–3279] | 2546 [1954–3139] *§ | 2874 [1745–4002] *§ |
| Ellipse Area 95% (mm2) | 101 [67–134] | 159 [84–234] | 283 [181–384] *§ | 296 [190–403] *§ |
| RMS ML (mm) | 3.7 [2.9–4.4] | 4.3 [3.2–5.5] | 6.5 [5.2–7.7] *§ | 6.2 [5.2–7.3] *§ |
| RMS AP (mm) | 1.4 [1.1–1.7] | 1.9 [1.2–2.5] | 2.5 [2.0–2.9] *§ | 2.5 [1.9–3.2] *§ |
| MeanFreq ML (Hz) | 0.011 [0.009–0.012] | 0.011 [0.009–0.012] | 0.010 [0.010–0.011] | 0.011 [0.009–0.012] |
| MedianFreq ML (Hz) | 0.018 [0.015–0.021] | 0.018 [0.015–0.021] | 0.017 [0.016–0.018] | 0.018 [0.015–0.021] |
| Mean Freq AP (Hz) | 0.010 [0.009–0.012] | 0.011 [0.009–0.012] | 0.010 [0.010–0.011] | 0.011 [0.009–0.012] |
| MedianFreq AP (Hz) | 0.018 [0.015–0.021] | 0.018 [0.015–0.021] | 0.017 [0.016–0.018] | 0.018 [0.015–0.021] |
| SampEn ML | 1.25 [1.23–1.27] | 1.24 [1.21–1.27] | 1.25 [1.23–1.27] | 1.25 [1.23–1.27] |
| SampEn AP | 1.26 [1.23–1.28] | 1.25 [1.22–1.28] | 1.26 [1.24–1.28] | 1.26 [1.24–1.29] |
| MSE ML | 6.05 [5.24–6.87] | 6.39 [5.31–7.46] * | 6.09 [5.35–6.83] * | 6.33 [5.42–7.24] * |
| MSE AP | 6.91 [6.03–7.79] | 7.28 [6.27–8.28] | 6.96 [6.06–7.86] * | 7.10 [6.12–8.07] * |
| MMSE | 20.52 (18.47–22.57] | 20.26 [18.12–22.41] | 20.95 [18.81–23.10] | 21.17 [19.17–23.17] |
| RMS Soleus-Forward (mV) | 955 [356–1284] | 998 [370–1267] | 1082 [396–1301] * | 1111 [432–1352] * |
| RMS Soleus-Backward (mV) | 1248 [551–1625] | 1319 [732–1667] | 1333 [632–2233] | 1517 [779–2195] * |
| RMS Tibialis Ant.-Forward (mV) | 1324 [367–2801] | 1543 [408–2817] | 1738 [615–3371] | 1679 [478–3662] |
| RMS Tibialis Ant.-Backward (mV) | 816 [312–2291] | 844 [249–1945] | 1334 [512–2416] *§ | 1204 [348–1967] *§ |
| RMS TFL-Forward (mV) | 613 [346–1048] | 657 [330–1179] | 685 [359–1119] | 777 [345–1330] * |
| RMS TFL-Backward (mV) | 746 [224–2103] | 668 [265–1367] | 842 [235–2343] | 807 [265–2423] |
| Correct answers (n) | 23.2 [18.9–27.5] | 21.7 [18.3–25.2] | ||
| Percentage of correct answers (%) | 88.9 [83.3–94.6] | 89.1 [84.1–94.0] |
Abbreviations: COP: Center of Pressure; RMS: Root Mean Square; ML: Mediolateral; AP: Anteroposterior: MeanFreq: Mean Frequency; MedianFreq: Median Frequency; SampEn: Sample Entropy; MSE: Multi-Scale Entropy; MMSE: Multivariate Multi-Scale Entropy; TFL: Tensor of Fascia Lata. Symbols: * significantly different from EO-ST; § significantly different from EO-DT (p < 0.0125).