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Interaction between item presentation and sleep/wake retention for visualized items. (A) Forgetting across item presentation conditions when either sleep or wake occurred first following learning. (B) Pairwise contrasts between each group that had sleep compared with the group who had no sleep. (1X) One presentation during encoding, (2X) two presentations, (4X) four presentations. Error bars represent the within-participant standard error. (***) P < 0.001, (**) P < 0.01, (*) P < 0.05.
