Table 1.

Studies examining the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis delta virus infection among HIV/hepatitis B virus-coinfected persons.

Reference (Year)	Setting	No. Anti-HDV Antibody-Positive Among HBsAg-Positive	Anti-HDV Antibody Prevalence	Significant Risk Factors for HDV Infection in HTVTHBV Coinfection
Beguelin et al. (2017) [9]	Swiss HIV Cohort Study	119/771	15.4%	Injection drug use MSM Hepatitis C infection
Coffie et al. (2017) [123]	IeDEA West Africa Cohort	10/67	14.9%	Not Reported
Hsieh et al. (2016) [87]	Taiwan (injection drug users)	48/57	84.2%	Not Reported
Katwesigye et al. (2016) [124]	Uganda	6/198	3.2%	Not Reported
Lin et al. (2015) [65]	Taiwan (injection drug users)	197/263	74.9%	Not Reported
Lee et al. (2015) [125]	Taiwan	7/64	10.9%	Not Reported
Honge et al. (2014) [16]	Guinea-Bissau	18/72	25%	Not Reported
Hung et al. (2014) [126]	Taiwan	38/375	10.1%	Not Reported
Fernandez et al. (2014) [85]	Spain	17/85	20%	Injection drug use Significant alcohol use*
Thio et al. (2013) [127]	Multi-national study	15/113	13.3%	Not Reported
Soriano et al. (2011) [15]	Eurosida	61/422	14.5%	Injection drug use Hepatitis C infection
Chang et al. (2011) [88]	Taiwan (injection drug users)	135/179	75.4%	Younger age
Mendes-Correa et al. (2011) [128]	Brazil	1/86	1.2%	Not Reported
Sheng et al. (2007) [86]	Taiwan	36/162	22.2%	Injection drug use

Abbreviations: HBV=hepatitis B virus; HBsAg=hepatitis B surface antigen; HDV=hepatitis delta virus; MSM=men who have sex with men.

^*Significant alcohol use defined as >60 g/day of alcohol intake.