Figure 5. Change in fitness across six treatments in 250 generations of experimental evolution.

Violin plots show the density of 152 yeast strains’ change in fitness with treatment labels indicating the medium, ploidy and dilution rate. Points indicate mean fitness change across four replicates for individual barcodes; point sizes reflect the number of reads underlying each datapoint and colors indicate evolutionary treatments. Treatment mean fitness changes are depicted as heavy black crossbars. 16/152 entries with large standard error (>0.029) among replicates are not displayed, but are included for all statistical testing. Treatments significantly different from the control treatment, diploid yeast evolved under a standard 1:1000 transfer dilution in CM, in the associated mixed-effects model are marked with asterisks.