Table 2.
Effects of brain region, Tat, and the duration of DOX exposure on proinflammatory cytokine levels.
| Brain Region | Main Effect of Tat | Tat/DOX Duration | Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFC | Cytokine | F(1,34) | p | F(2,34) | p | F(2,34) | p |
| TNFα | 5.06 | 0.03 | 4.96 | 0.01+ | 7.48 | <0.01ˆ | |
| IFN-γ | 0.00 | 0.98 | 24.63 | <0.01# | 1.73 | 0.19 | |
| IL-1α | 0.44 | 0.51 | 4.67 | 0.02+ | 0.71 | 0.50 | |
| IL-1β | 0.08 | 0.78 | 15.57 | <0.01# | 0.45 | 0.64 | |
| IL-2 | 0.00 | 0.98 | 30.64 | <0.01# | 0.16 | 0.85 | |
| IL-3 | 2.22 | 0.15 | 18.39 | <0.01# | 1.86 | 0.17 | |
| IL-6 | 3.58 | 0.07 | 39.77 | <0.01# | 0.21 | 0.81 | |
| IL-9 | 2.10 | 0.16 | 39.87 | <0.01# | 0.68 | 0.51 | |
| IL-12p40 | 17.83 | <0.01 | 8.70 | <0.01# | 2.93 | 0.07˅ | |
| IL-12p70 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 48.42 | <0.01# | 0.64 | 0.53 | |
| IL-17A | 29.34 | <0.01 | 28.39 | <0.01# | 29.37 | <0.01ˆ | |
| Striatum | Cytokine | F(1,32) | p | F(2,32) | p | F(2,32) | p |
| TNFα | 0.01 | 0.91 | 14.52 | <0.01# | 0.34 | 0.71 | |
| IFN-γ | 0.26 | 0.62 | 0.30 | 0.75 | 1.31 | 0.28 | |
| IL-1α | 2.72 | 0.11 | 4.86 | 0.01+ | 0.26 | 0.77 | |
| IL-1β | 4.76 | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.69 | 2.05 | 0.15 | |
| IL-2 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 6.68 | <0.01# | 0.79 | 0.46 | |
| IL-3 | 0.75 | 0.39 | 1.31 | 0.28 | 3.11 | 0.06 | |
| IL-6 | 3.43 | 0.07 | 4.39 | 0.02+ | 4.07 | 0.03ˆ | |
| IL-9 | 0.54 | 0.47 | 1.21 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 0.65 | |
| IL-12p40 | 2.40 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.76 | 0.56 | 0.57 | |
| IL-12p70 | 0.32 | 0.58 | 20.54 | <0.01# | 0.50 | 0.61 | |
| IL-17A | 1.73 | 0.20 | 3.70 | 0.04@ | 1.19 | 0.32 | |
| Thalamus | Cytokine | F(1,31) | p | F(2,31) | p | F(2,31) | p |
| TNFα | 0.67 | 0.42 | 4.47 | 0.02‡ | 0.09 | 0.92 | |
| IFN-γ | 0.82 | 0.37 | 83.84 | <0.01# | 0.16 | 0.86 | |
| IL-1α | 9.31 | <0.01 | 21.46 | <0.01$ | 2.05 | 0.15 | |
| IL-1β | 3.70 | 0.06 | 20.58 | <0.01+‡ | 1.01 | 0.37 | |
| IL-2 | 1.72 | 0.20 | 52.72 | <0.01+‡ | 1.28 | 0.29 | |
| IL-3 | 0.12 | 0.73 | 208.20 | <0.01+‡ | 0.33 | 0.72 | |
| IL-6 | >0.01 | 0.95 | 19.58 | <0.01$ | 0.83 | 0.45 | |
| IL-9 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 128.40 | <0.01$ | 0.43 | 0.65 | |
| IL-12p40 | 1.64 | 0.21 | 193.70 | <0.01+‡ | 1.51 | 0.24 | |
| IL-12p70 | 0.18 | 0.68 | 125.30 | <0.01+‡ | 0.03 | 0.97 | |
| IL-17A | 0.20 | 0.66 | 24.07 | <0.01+‡ | 0.82 | 0.45 | |
The F-values, degrees of freedom, and P-values from the proinflammatory cytokine ANOVA results. Bolded values denote significant differences at α = 0.05 (Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Interactive effects of Tat and DOX exposure time within discrete brain regions, ˆ Tat(+) mice significantly differ from Tat(–) mice at 8-week exposure time-point only; ˅ Tat(+) mice significantly differ from Tat(–) mice at 48 h exposure time-point only. Main effect of exposure time within each separate region, $ All exposure time-points (48 h, 2-week, and 8-week) are significantly different, # 48 h exposure time-point significantly differs from its respective 2- and 8-week DOX exposure time-points; @ 48 h exposure time-point differs from its respective 2-week exposure time-point; + 48 h exposure time-point differs from its respective 8-week exposure time-point; ‡ 2-week exposure time-point differs from its respective 8-week exposure time-point.