Table 4.
Means ± SEM of chemokines and cytokines not significantly altered by Tat in this study.
| Tat(–) | Tat(+) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain Region | Cytokine (pg/ml) | 48 h | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | 48 h | 2 weeks | 8 weeks |
| Mean ± SEM | |||||||
| PFC | GM-CSF | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 3.07 ± 0.85# | 2.58 ± 0.82# | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 3.34 ± 0.89# | 3.78 ± 0.72# |
| IFN-γ | 13.78 ± 0.45 | 25.50 ± 1.52# | 29.17 ± 1.43# | 14.61 ± 0.66 | 28.92 ± 4.04# | 24.78 ± 2.94# | |
| IL-2 | 25.55 ± 1.43 | 45.55 ± 2.95 | 47.62 ± 5.02 | 25.21 ± 1.99 | 44.19 ± 3.29 | 49.57 ± 2.43 | |
| IL-3 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 2.31 ± 0.41 | 1.51 ± 0.30 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 2.38 ± 0.40 | 2.68 ± 0.43 | |
| IL-9 | 12.65 ± 0.60 | 23.22 ± 0.87 | 24.65 ± 2.02 | 13.08 ± 0.98 | 27.16 ± 3.29 | 25.97 ± 0.84 | |
| IL-12p70 | 49.13 ± 4.08 | 123.22 ± 9.84# | 138.46 ± 14.57# | 48.79 ± 2.38 | 125.33 ± 10.38# | 121.20 ± 6.01# | |
| IL-5 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.70 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.07 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 0.70 ± 0.08 | 0.78 ± 0.09 | |
| Striatum | GM-CSF | 5.38 ± 0.63 | 5.40 ± 0.42 | 5.31 ± 1.12 | 5.16 ± 0.43 | 5.34 ± 0.19 | 7.43 ± 0.94 |
| IFN-γ | 34.85 ± 1.83 | 48.95 ± 5.75 | 33.55 ± 2.93 | 32.83 ± 1.97 | 50.40 ± 5.37 | 40.10 ± 2.82 | |
| IL-2 | 14.95 ± 0.92 | 19.45 ± 1.10# | 20.27 ± 1.95# | 17.22 ± 0.95 | 18.78 ± 1.15# | 20.52 ± 0.97# | |
| IL-3 | 1.03 ± 0.08 | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 1.79 ± 0.12 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.85 ± 0.02 | 1.07 ± 0.12 | |
| IL-9 | 20.12 ± 1.70 | 17.64 ± 1.33 | 19.96 ± 3.08 | 19.34 ± 0.64 | 19.23 ± 0.75 | 22.18 ± 1.46 | |
| IL-12p70 | 95.19 ± 7.47 | 62.98 ± 3.14# | 67.98 ± 7.49# | 96.86 ± 1.78 | 60.42 ± 1.81# | 76.54 ± 7.24# | |
| IL-5 | 1.89 ± 0.14 | 2.03 ± 0.12 | 1.92 ± 0.28 | 1.64 ± 0.10 | 1.95 ± 0.05 | 2.55 ± 0.30 | |
| Thalamus | GM-CSF | 2.98 ± 0.22$ | 5.60 ± 0.57$ | 8.01 ± 0.51$ | 3.27 ± 0.26$ | 6.44 ± 1.19$ | 8.03 ± 0.93$ |
| IFN-γ | 25.57 ± 0.96 | 24.18 ± 1.77# | 45.23 ± 1.35# | 28.00 ± 1.16 | 24.98 ± 2.28# | 45.92 ± 2.66# | |
| IL-2 | 28.01 ± 2.07 | 28.22 ± 1.45 | 46.27 ± 2.12#‡ | 29.43 ± 1.59 | 24.51 ± 1.67 | 42.49 ± 2.18#‡ | |
| IL-3 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 1.43 ± 0.12 | 10.01 ± 0.55#‡ | 1.03 ± 0.05 | 1.51 ± 0.20 | 9.43 ± 1.05#‡ | |
| IL-9 | 26.13 ± 1.03$ | 21.32 ± 1.21$ | 41.65 ± 1.23$ | 27.89 ± 1.46$ | 21.96 ± 1.15$ | 41.08 ± 1.47$ | |
| IL-12p70 | 98.69 ± 6.90 | 98.43 ± 7.52 | 263.48 ± 14.61#‡ | 96.07 ± 4.79 | 90.87 ± 10.39 | 261.27 ± 21.36#‡ | |
| IL-5 | 2.25 ± 0.11 | 2.91 ± 0.29# | 2.28 ± 0.18‡ | 2.34 ± 0.12 | 2.96 ± 0.40# | 2.34 ± 0.24‡ | |
Chemokine and cytokine protein levels within discrete brain regions of the frontal cortico-BG-thalamocortical circuit in Tat(+) and Tat(–) mice after 48 h, 2 weeks, or 8 weeks of DOX expressed as mean ± SEM in pg/ml. Bolded values denote significant differences at α = 0.05 (Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Main effect of exposure time within each separate region, $p < 0.05 vs all other respective exposure time-points (48 h, 2-week, and 8-week), #p < 0.05 vs the respective 48 h exposure time-point, ‡p < 0.05 vs the respective 2-week exposure time-point.