Table 1. Characteristics of the studies included (N = 111).
| S.N. | Author and year | State | Geographical Region | Setting | Urban/Rural/Tribal | Age group (years) | Gender | Sample size | Diagnostic criteria | Prevalence (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bal 2011 | Chandigarh | North | Facility | NA | 25–50 | Males & Females | 440 | NCEP ATP -III | 37% (32%-42%) |
| 2. | Bandella 2017 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban, rural and tribal | 20–60 | Males & Females | 1032 | NCEP ATP -III | 32% (29%-35%) |
| 3. | Bansal 2009 | New Delhi | North | Facility | NA | ≥18 | Males & Females | 1905 | NCEP ATP -III | 48% (45%-50%) |
| 4. | Bansal 2017 | Uttar Pradesh | Central | Facility | NA | 30–70 | Males & Females | 350 | NCEP ATP -III | 17% (13%-21%) |
| 5. | Bansal A 2015 | New Delhi | North | Community | Urban | 35–65 | Males & Females | 406 | NCEP ATP -III | 75% (71%-79%) |
| 6. | Barik A 2017 | West Bengal | East | Community | Rural | ≥18 | Males & Females | 9886 | NCEP ATP -III | 16% (15%-17%) |
| 7. | Basha 2018 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban | ≥18 | Males & Females | 802 | NCEP ATP -III | 32% (29%-35%) |
| 8. | Bhagat 2017 | Chandigarh | North | Community | Urban | 18–25 | Males & Females | 611 | IDF | 18% (15%-22%) |
| 9. | Bhat R 2010 | Jammu & Kashmir | North | Facility | NA | ≥18 | Males & Females | 500 | NCEP ATP -III | 9% (6%-11%) |
| 10. | Bhattacharya 2016 | Telangana | South | Facility | NA | ≥60 | Males & Females | 114 | NCEP ATP -III | 42% (33%-52%) |
| 11. | Bhutia 2017 | Sikkim | Northeast | Facility | NA | ≥20 | Males & Females | 361 | IDF | 34% (29%-39%) |
| 12. | Chakraborty 2015 | West Bengal | East | Community | Urban | ≥18 | Males & Females | 690 | NCEP ATP -III | 33% (29%-36%) |
| 13. | Chhabra 2014 | Not mentioned | North | Community | Urban & Rural | 25–60 | Females | 200 | NCEP ATP -III | 33% (27%-40%) |
| 14. | Chinawale 2018 | Gujarat | West | Community | Not mentioned | 20–80 | Males & Females | 473 | IDF | 41% (37%-46%) |
| 15. | Chow 2007 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Rural | ≥30 | Males & Females | 4535 | NCEP ATP -III | 25% (23%-26%) |
| 16. | Das 2011 | West Bengal | East | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥30 | Males & Females | 350 | NCEP ATP -III | 48% (43%-54%) |
| 17. | Das 2017 | West Bengal | East | Community | Not mentioned | 18–24 | Males & Females | 397 | IDF | 5% (3%-7%) |
| 18. | Das M 2011 | West Bengal | East | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥30 | Males & Females | 448 | NCEP ATP -III | 29% (25%-34%) |
| 19. | Deedwania 2014 | 11 cities in India | India | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 6198 | NCEP ATP -III | 36% (35%-37%) |
| 20. | Deepa M 2006 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 2350 | NCEP ATP -III | 18% (17%-20%) |
| 21. | Deshmukh 2012 | Maharashtra | Central | Community | Rural | ≥18 | Males & Females | 300 | NCEP ATP -III | 17% (13%-22%) |
| 22. | Dhabriya 2015 | Rajasthan | North | Community | Urban | ≥18 | Males & Females | 1130 | IDF | 23% (20–25%) |
| 23. | Goyal 2013 | Uttarkhand | North | Facility | NA | ≥18 | Males & Females | 380 | IDF | 21% (17%-26%) |
| 24. | Gupta 2012 | Rajasthan | North | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 6106 | NCEP ATP -III | 26% (25%-27%) |
| 25. | Gupta A 2004 | Rajasthan | North | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1091 | NCEP ATP III | 32% (29%-34%) |
| 26. | Gupta R 2007 | Rajasthan | North | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 644 | NCEP ATP III | 47% (43%-51%) |
| 27. | Gupta R 2012 | Rajasthan | North | Community | Urban | 20–60 | Males & Females | 739 | NCEP ATP III | 23% (20%-26%) |
| 28. | Harikrishnan 2018 | Kerala | South | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 5063 | NCEP ATP III | 24% (23%-25%) |
| 29. | Ismail 2016 | Kerala | South | Community | Tribal | ≥18 | Males & Females | 120 | NCEP ATP III | 28% (20%-37%) |
| 30. | Jain 2015 | Maharashtra | Central | Facility | NA | 18–25 | Males & Females | 668 | NCEP ATP III | 11% (9%-14%) |
| 31. | Jeyasheela 2018 | Tamil Nadu | South | Facility | NA | ≥45 | Females | 154 | IDF | 64% (56%-72%) |
| 32. | Jones 2016 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Rural | ≥18 | Males & Females | 6217 | NCEP ATP III | 14% (13%-15%) |
| 33. | Kamble 2010 | Maharashtra | Central | Community | Rural | ≥18 | Males & Females | 300 | NCEP ATP III | 9% (6%-13%) |
| 34. | Kandpal 2016 | Uttarkhand | North | Community | Tribal | 20–60 | Males & Females | 288 | NCEP ATP III | 39% (34%-45%) |
| 35. | Kanjilal 2008 | Karnataka, Maharashtra | South & Central | Facility | NA | ≥20 | Males & Females | 2315 | NCEP ATP III | 58% (56%-60%) |
| 36. | Kapil 2018 | Uttarkhand | North | Community | Rural | ≥60 | Males & Females | 979 | IDF | 29% (26%-32%) |
| 37. | Kaur J 2014 | Punjab | North | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 351 | NCEP ATP III | 17% (14%-22%) |
| 38. | Kaur P 2010 | Tamil Nadu | South | Workplace | NA | ≥20 | Males | 1077 | IDF | 41% (38%-44%) |
| 39. | Kaushal 2016 | Uttar Pradesh | Central | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 127 | NCEP ATP III | 37% (29%-46%) |
| 40. | Kempegowda 2011 | Karnataka | South | Community | Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 495 | NCEP ATP III | 20% (16%-23%) |
| 41. | Khan 2018 | Uttar Pradesh | Central | Facility | NA | ≥20 | Males & Females | 420 | NCEP ATP III | 41% (36%-46%) |
| 42. | Kotokey 2013 | Assam | Northeast | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 502 | IDF | 33% (29%-37%) |
| 43. | Kunti 2019 | West Bengal | East | Facility | NA | ≥18 | Males & Females | 330 | NCEP ATP III | 64% (58%-69%) |
| 44. | Lakshmipriya 2012 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1875 | IDF | 28% (26%-30%) |
| 45. | Lateef 2007 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1519 | NCEP ATP III | 24% (22%-27%) |
| 46. | Lavanya 2012 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 350 | NCEP ATP III | 23% (19%-28%) |
| 47. | Madan G 2016 | Maharashtra | West | Community | Urban & Rural | 18–65 | Males | 313 | IDF | 40% (34%-46%) |
| 48. | Madhav 2013 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Workplace | NA | ≥20 | Males | 180 | IDF | 22% (16%-28%) |
| 49. | Mahadik 2007 | Maharashtra | West | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1071 | NCEP ATP III | 24% (22%-27%) |
| 50. | Mahajan 2012 | New Delhi | North | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 7174 | NCEP ATP III | 57% (56%-58%) |
| 51. | Mahanta 2013 | Assam | Northeast | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥35 | Males & Females | 297 | NCEP ATP III | 27% (22%-32%) |
| 52. | Mahanta 2017 | Assam | Northeast | Community | Urban & Rural | 20–60 | Males & Females | 3372 | NCEP ATP III | 48% (46%-49%) |
| 53. | Majumdar 2011 | Karnataka | South | Community | Not available | 18–75 | Males & Females | 441 | NCEP ATP III | 28% (24%-32%) |
| 54. | Majumdar 2017 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban | ≥60 | Males & Females | 112 | IDF | 54% (45%-64%) |
| 55. | Mangat 2010 | Chandigarh | North | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥18 | Males & Females | 605 | NCEP ATP III | 39% (35%-43%) |
| 56. | Manjunath 2014 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban | 18–25 | Males & Females | 473 | NCEP ATP III | 4% (2%-6%) |
| 57. | Mini 2018 | Kerala | South | Workplace | NA | 18–64 | Males & Females | 2287 | NCEP ATP III | 19% (18%-21%) |
| 58. | Misra 2011 | Haryana | North | Community | Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 307 | NCEP ATP III | 12% (9%-16%) |
| 59. | Mittal 2018 | Uttar Pradesh | Central | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 125 | IDF | 35% (27%-44%) |
| 60. | Mohan 2007 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1736 | NCEP ATP III | 17% (15%-19%) |
| 61. | Mohan 2009 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 541 | NCEP ATP III | 37% (33%-41%) |
| 62. | Nag 2015 | West Bengal | East | Community | Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1007 | IDF | 26% (23%-29%) |
| 63. | Naik 2016 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Urban | ≥60 | Males & Females | 295 | IDF | 35% (29%-40%) |
| 64. | Nithya 2015 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Rural | ≥60 | Males & Females | 514 | NCEP ATP III | 20% (17%-24%) |
| 65. | Pai 2019 | Karnataka | South | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 420 | NCEP ATP III | 4% (2%-6%) |
| 66. | Pandey 2010 | Maharashtra | West | Community | Urban | 35–65 | Females | 498 | IDF | 57% (52%-61%) |
| 67. | Parale 2008 | Karnataka | South | Workplace | NA | ≥30 | Males & Females | 700 | NCEP ATP III | 27% (24%-30%) |
| 68. | Patel 2016 | Gujarat | West | Facility | NA | 25–65 | Males & Females | 478 | NCEP ATP III | 26% (22%-30%) |
| 69. | Pathak 2018 | Haryana | North | Community | Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1200 | IDF | 9% (8%-11%) |
| 70. | Pemminati 2010 | Karnataka | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 451 | IDF | 30% (26%-34%) |
| 71. | Prabhakaran 2005 | New Delhi | North | Workplace | NA | 20–59 | Males | 2120 | NCEP ATP III | 35% (33%-37%) |
| 72. | Prabhakaran 2007 | New Delhi | North | Community | Urban & Rural | 35–64 | Males & Females | 4044 | NCEP ATP III | 33% (32%-35%) |
| 73. | Pradeepa 2016 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥60 | Males & Females | 222 | IDF | 37% (31%-44%) |
| 74. | Prakash 2013 | Uttar Pradesh | North | Facility | NA | ≥18 | Males & Females | 1340 | NCEP ATP III | 32% (30%-35%) |
| 75. | Prasad 2012 | Orissa | East | Community | Urban | 20–80 | Males & Females | 1178 | IDF | 43% (40%-46%) |
| 76. | Rajput 2014 | Haryana | North | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 3042 | IDF | 29% (27%-31%) |
| 77. | Ramachandran 2003 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Not mentioned | 20–75 | Males & Females | 475 | NCEP ATP III | 41% (37%-46%) |
| 78. | Ramachandran 2008 | Tamil Nadu | South | Workplace | NA | ≥20 | Males & Females | 2499 | NCEP ATP III | 29% (27%-31%) |
| Ramachandran 2008 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 3278 | NCEP ATP III | 41% (37%-46%) | |
| 79. | Randhwa 2015 | Punjab | North | Community | Rural | 25–55 | Females | 300 | NCEP ATP III | 26% (21%-31%) |
| 80. | Ravikiran 2010 | Chandigarh | North | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 2225 | NCEP ATP III | 45% (43%-47%) |
| 81. | Roopa 2010 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 358 | NCEP ATP III | 35% (30%-40%) |
| 82. | Sachdev 2009 | New Delhi | North | Community | Urban | 26–32 | Males & Females | 1492 | IDF | 25% (23%-27%) |
| 83. | Sarkar P 2016 | Karnataka | South | Community | Rural | ≥30 | Males & Females | 448 | NCEP ATP III | 26% (22%-30%) |
| 84. | Sarkar S 2006 | West Bengal | East | Community | Tribal | ≥20 | Males & Females | 588 | NCEP ATP III | 25% (22%-29%) |
| 85. | Sarma 2015 | Andhra Pradesh | South | Community | Rural | 30–50 | Females | 60 | NCEP ATP III | 20% (11%-32%) |
| 86. | Sawant 2011 | Maharashtra | West | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 548 | NCEP ATP III | 20% (16%-23%) |
| 87. | Selvaraj 2012 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Rural | 30–50 | Females | 150 | NCEP ATP III | 31% (23%-39%) |
| 88. | Selvaraj 2019 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Rural | 20–40 | Males | 360 | NCEP ATP III | 17% (13%-21%) |
| 89. | Shalini 2013 | Karnataka | South | Community | Urban & Rural | ≥18 | Females | 1023 | NCEP ATP III | 57% (54%-60%) |
| 90. | Sharma MK 2018 | Uttar Pradesh | Central | Community | Urban & Rural | 20–55 | Males & Females | 290 | NCEP ATP III | 20% (16%-25%) |
| 91. | Sharma R 2019 | Jammu & Kashmir | North | Community | Not mentioned | ≥18 | Males & Females | 210 | NCEP ATP III | 35% (29%-42%) |
| 92. | Sharma S 2016 | Chandigarh | North | Facility | NA | 45–55 | Females | 350 | NCEP ATP III | 63% (57%-68%) |
| 93. | Sharma S 2016 | Karnataka | South | Workplace | NA | 20–50 | Males & Females | 210 | NCEP ATP III | 12% (8%-17%) |
| 94. | Singh 2016 | Haryana | North | Community | Rural | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1700 | IDF | 27% (25%-29%) |
| 95. | Singh 2017 | Uttar Pradesh | North | Community | Urban | ≥25 | Males & Females | 2002 | NCEP ATP III | 19% (18%-21%) |
| 96. | Sinha N 2016 | Telangana | South | Community | Urban | ≥60 | Males & Females | 114 | IDF | 42% (33%-52%) |
| 97. | Sinha S 2012 | New Delhi | North | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Females | 226 | NCEP ATP III | 30% (24%-36%) |
| 98. | Srimani 2017 | West Bengal | East | Community | Rural | 45–70 | Females | 222 | IDF | 46% (39%-53%) |
| 99. | Srimani 2018 | West Bengal | East | Community | Rural | 45–70 | Females | 509 | IDF | 38% (34%-42%) |
| 100. | Srinivasan 2016 | Kerala | South | Facility | NA | ≥20 | Males & Females | 432 | NCEP ATP III | 61% (56%-66%) |
| 101. | Subramani 2018 | Madhya Pradesh | Central | Facility | NA | 20–79 | Males & Females | 1190 | NCEP ATP III | 50% (47%-53%) |
| 102. | Tandon 2010 | Jammu & Kashmir | North | Community | Rural | ≥45 | Females | 500 | NCEP ATP III | 13% (10%-16%) |
| 103. | Tharkar 2010 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥20 | Males & Females | 2021 | NCEP ATP III | 32% (30%-34%) |
| 104. | Tharkar S 2008 | Tamil Nadu | South | Workplace | NA | ≥30 | Males & Females | 318 | IDF | 57% (52%-63%) |
| Tharkar S 2008 | Tamil Nadu | South | Community | Urban | ≥30 | Males & Females | 410 | IDF | 28% (23%-32%) | |
| 105. | Thayyil 2012 | Kerala | South | Workplace | NA | ≥30 | Males | 823 | NCEP ATP III | 17% (14%-19%) |
| 106. | Thiruvagounder 2010 | Tamil Nadu | South | Facility | NA | ≥20 | Males & Females | 1568 | NCEP ATP III | 29% (27%-31%) |
| 107. | Thyagi 2013 | Uttar Pradesh | Central | Facility | NA | 25–65 | Males & Females | 405 | NCEP ATP III | 43% (38%-48%) |
| 108. | Vatakanchery 2019 | Kerala | South | Facility | NA | 20–60 | Males & Females | 520 | IDF | 76% (72%-80%) |
| 109. | Venugopal 2019 | Pondicherry | South | Community | Rural | ≥30 | Males & Females | 489 | IDF | 40% (35%-44%) |
| 110. | Wani 2014 | Jammu & Kashmir | North | Facility | NA | 20–60 | Males & Females | 500 | NCEP ATP III | 9% (6%-11%) |
| 111. | Zafar 2017 | Uttar Pradesh | West | Community | Rural | 18–55 | Males & Females | 2982 | NCEP ATP III | 12% (11%-13%) |
NCEP ATP III–National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.
IDF–International Diabetes Federation.
NA–Not applicable.