Table 2.
Serological Biomarkers Stratified by RV Remodeling
| Laboratory Indices∗ | Overall (N = 510) | RV Dysfunction + (n = 41) | RV Dysfunction − (n = 227) | p Value | RV Dilation + (n = 171) | RV Dilation − (n = 315) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troponin, ng/ml | 0.07 (0.00–0.29) | 0.16 (0.08–0.75) | 0.05 (0.00–0.26) | 0.001 | 0.09 (0.01–0.33) | 0.06 (0.00–0.26) | 0.06 |
| >ULN | 27 (120) | 50 (17) | 21 (43) | <0.001 | 28 (42) | 26 (73) | 0.81 |
| >5× ULN | 11 (49) | 21 (7) | 9 (19) | 0.07 | 11 (17) | 10 (28) | 0.75 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 1,511 (740–2,586) | 2,389 (1,574–3,511) | 1,409 (617–2,126) | <0.001 | 1,599 (832–3,053) | 1,465 (656–2,414) | 0.08 |
| >ULN | 91 (431) | 97 (35) | 89 (192) | 0.22 | 93 (147) | 90 (262) | 0.24 |
| >5× ULN | 56 (264) | 83 (30) | 52 (112) | <0.001 | 61 (96) | 53 (156) | 0.14 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 3,762 (1,786–11,545) | 4,380 (1,959–16,022) | 3,504 (1,700–10,581) | 0.39 | 5,166 (2,465–13,716) | 3,528 (1,488–11,440) | 0.009 |
| >ULN | 99 (469) | 97 (32) | 99 (217) | 0.43 | 100 (161) | 98 (287) | 0.09 |
| >5× ULN | 81 (387) | 88 (29) | 80 (175) | 0.26 | 88 (141) | 79 (230) | 0.02 |
| CRP, mg/dl | 24.4 (14.0–32.0) | 25.4 (15.5–31.5) | 23.6 (13.4–32.2) | 0.77 | 26.0 (14.4–32.3) | 23.6 (13.2–32.0) | 0.31 |
| >ULN | 98 (467) | 100 (36) | 97 (210) | 0.60 | 99 (160) | 97 (285) | 0.11 |
| >5× ULN | 93 (442) | 97 (35) | 90 (194) | 0.22 | 94 (151) | 91 (269) | 0.33 |
| AST, U/l | 110 (57–234) | 161 (50–688) | 108 (54–204) | 0.10 | 118 (64–341) | 104 (54–205) | 0.06 |
| >ULN | 88 (434) | 85 (33) | 86 (189) | 0.78 | 89 (147) | 87 (266) | 0.55 |
| >5× ULN | 34 (165) | 49 (19) | 29 (63) | 0.01 | 39 (64) | 31 (93) | 0.07 |
| ALT, U/l | 93 (48–211) | 113 (41–409) | 86 (41–189) | 0.39 | 96 (51–247) | 92 (43–178) | 0.16 |
| >ULN | 73 (346) | 65 (26) | 70 (142) | 0.57 | 77 (120) | 71 (208) | 0.16 |
| >5× ULN | 23 (106) | 30 (12) | 20 (40) | 0.14 | 27 (42) | 19 (56) | 0.054 |
| WBC, 109/l | 19.4 (13.3–28.8) | 18.7 (12.4–27.1) | 18.7 (12.4–27.5) | 0.85 | 20.6 (13.7–29.1) | 19.1 (12.7–28.6) | 0.36 |
Values are median (interquartile range) or % (count). Bold p values are statistically significant.
ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ULN = upper limit of normal; WBC = white blood cells.
∗
Abnormal biomarker cutoffs defined in accordance with bioassays at participatory study sites (troponin-I >0.5 ng/ml, troponin-T >0.1 ng/ml, ferritin >274 ng/ml, D-dimer >229 mg/ml, C-reactive protein (CRP) >0.9 mg/dl, AST >34 U/l, ALT >49 U/l).