Table 5.

Empirical antimicrobial therapy in HDC/ASCT recipients

Population	Intention	Intervention	SoR	QoE	References
Patients at onset of fever	To treat presumed underlying infection	Broad-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem/cilastatin)	A	I	Bucaneve JCO (2014) [84] Reich BJH (2005) [127] Horita CMI (2017) [128] Harter BMT (2006) [129]
Patients at onset of fever, clinically stable	To treat presumed underlying infection	Add aminoglycoside	D	I	Del Favero CID (2001) [92]
Patients at fever onset, hospital with high rates of multidrug resistant bacteria	To treat presumed underlying infection	Add antibiotics as appropriate (e.g. novel combinations of cephalosporins and betalactamase inhibitors, siderophore cephalosporins, tigecycline)	A	I	Bucaneve JCO (2014) [84]
Patients at fever onset or with persisting fever	To treat presumed underlying infection	Add glycopeptide or oxazolidinone (e.g. linezolid)	D	I	Cometta CID (2003) [96] Lisboa IJID (2015) [90]
Patients with fever persisting > 96 h, clinically stable	To treat presumed underlying infection	Continue first line antibiotic treatment	A	I	Bow CID (2006) [130] Cometta CID (2003) [96]
Patients with a first fever	To treat presumed underlying infection	Add antifungal	D	IIt	Maschmeyer EJCMID (2013) [131]
Patients with fever persisting > 96 h, clinically stable	To treat presumed underlying infection	Add liposomal amphotericin B or caspofungin	C	IIt	Walsh NEJM (2004) [132] Walsh NEJM 1999 [133]