Table 1. Characteristics of the study patients (N = 140) at baseline and outcomes.a .
| Characteristic | Result | |
|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 86/140 (61.4) | |
| Age, years | 71 [58.5-80.0] | |
| Age bracket, n (%) | < 50 years | 18/140 (12.9) |
| 50-75 years | 72/140 (51.4) | |
| > 75 years | 50/140 (35.7) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | Never smoker | 100/139 (71.9) |
| Current smoker | 26/139 (18.7) | |
| Former smoker | 13/139 (9.4) | |
| RT-PCR, n (%) | 139/139 (100.0) | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Presence of comorbidity, n (%) | 116/139 (83.5) | |
| BMI > 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 23/139 (16.6) | |
| COPD, n (%) | 15/139 (10.8) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 38/139 (27.3) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 79/139 (56.8) | |
| CHD, n (%) | 29/139 (20.9) | |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 6/139 (4.3) | |
| Cancer, n (%) | 24/139 (17.3) | |
| Kidney disease, n (%) | 23/138 (16.7) | |
| Immunodeficiency, n (%) | 0/139 (0.0) | |
| Symptoms | ||
| Presence of a symptom, n (%) | 132/138 (95.7) | |
| Fever, n (%) | 121/139 (87.1) | |
| Cough, n (%) | 69/138 (50.0) | |
| Sputum, n (%) | 17/138 (12.3) | |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 79/139 (56.8) | |
| Baseline chest X-rays | ||
| Time from the onset of symptoms to performing X-ray, days | 4 [1-8] | |
| Chest X-ray score, n (%) | No lung involvement | 7/140 (5.0) |
| Lung involvement, 1-25% | 58/140 (41.4) | |
| Lung involvement, 26-50% | 31/140 (22.1) | |
| Lung involvement, 51-75% | 26/140 (18.6) | |
| Lung involvement, 76-100% | 18/140 (12.9) | |
| Baseline laboratory data | ||
| WBC/mL | 5,920 [4,145-8,850] | |
| CRP, mg/L | 29.6 [11.6-101.4] | |
| pH | 7.45 ± 0.04 | |
| PaO2, mmHg | 62.7 [53.4-76.6] | |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 34.5 ± 5.2 | |
| SaO2, % | 94.7 [91-96] | |
| HCO3, mmol/L | 24.5 ± 2.7 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 279.0 [173.5-333.5] | |
| Mild hypoxia, n (%) | 25/97 (25.8) | |
| Moderate hypoxia, n (%) | 25/97 (25.8) | |
| Severe hypoxia, n (%) | 13/97 (13.4) | |
| Outcome | ||
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 96/140 (68.6) | |
| NIV, n (%) | 38/140 (27.1) | |
| Intubation, n (%) | 28/140 (20.0) | |
| Death, n (%) | 28/138 (20.9) | |
| Recovery, n (%) | 41/113 (36.3) | |
| Patient management, n (%) | Discharge | 9/115 (7.8) |
| Hospitalization | 66/115 (57.4) | |
| ICU | 40/115 (34.8) | |
BMI: body mass index; CHD: coronary heart disease; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; and NIV: noninvasive ventilation. aValues expressed as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range], except where otherwise indicated.