Fig. 1.

The biogenesis and characteristics of exosomes. Exosomes are secreted by donor cells into the intercellular microenvironment through the multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Exosomes can transfer biologically functional molecules to recipient cells through three ways, including a intercellular signaling through receptor-ligand binding, b exosomes directly fuse with the recipient cells membrane and release their contents, and c recipient cells phagocytose exosomes