Table 1.

Overview of exosomal cargoes and functions in cancer

Cargoes type	Exosomal cargoes	Donor cells	Recipient cells	Function	Ref.
Protein	PKM2, GLUT1	LPS-activated LX-2 and activated primary HSCs	HSCs, KCs, and LSECs	Induces the glycolysis of quiescent HSCs LSECs and KCs	138
	PKM2	LNCaP, PC3, and C4-2B	ST2, mouse BMSCs	Creates a pre- metastatic niche through transferring PKM2	80
	VEGF	HL-60, U937, primary AML cells	HUVECs	Promotes chemoresistance by inducing the glycolysis in HUVECs	72
	ALDOA, ALDH3A1	Irradiated A549 and NCI-H446	Unirradiated A549 and NCI-H446	Enhances the motility of the recipient cells by promoting the glycolysis	97
	LMP1	CM	CAFs	Increases the glycolysis and autophagy in CAFs	54
	ITGB4	MDA-MB-231, BT-20	CAFs	Promotes the glycolysis and the export of lactate in CAFs	52
	FAO-related proteins	Adipocytes	SKMEL28 and 1205Lu	Promotes tumor aggressiveness by inducing fatty acid oxidation	67
	AM	PC patient-derived cell lines	Adipocytes	Induce lipolysis	139
miRNA	miR-105	MCF10A and MDA-MB-231	NIH3T3 and WI-38	Promotes tumor growth by reprogramming the metabolism of CAFs	53
	miR-122	MCF10A and MDA-MB-231	Mouse lung fibroblasts and Mouse astrocytes	Remodels metabolism of the niche cells to promote tumor progression	115
	miR-155	4 T-1, C2C12 and HEK 293T	3 T3-L1	Induces the beige/brown differentiation and promotes lipolysis in the adipocytes	64
	miRNAs	KSHV-infected LECs	HUVEC and LEC	Promotes the glycolysis in the non-infected cells.	106
	miR-155, miR-210	1770-Her4, 2183-Her4, 1300-mel, HMCB, 526-mel, 888-mel, and Hs 294T	HADF	Promotes the tumor metastasis through enhancing the glycolysis in stromal cells	114
	miR-126, miR-144	MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and HEK 293T	3T3-L1	Inducing the metabolic reprogramming in adipocytes to promote tumor progression	65
lncRNA	SNHG3	Breast cancer patient-derived fibroblast cells	MCF-7 and MD-MBA-453	Promotes the tumor growth by reprogramming the metabolism of breast cancer cells	98
	HISLA	TAMs	MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, and MCF-7	Enhances the glycolysis and chemoresistance of breast cancer cells	93
circRNA	ciRS-122	SW480/oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and HCT116 /L-OHP	SW480 and HCT116	Increases the glycolysis and decreases drug sensitivity in the sensitive cancer cells	119
Metabolite	Lactate, glutamate	hMSCs	MCF-7	Promote the tumor growth	144