Table 5.

Individual Growth Models Predicting Externalizing Behavior Problems

	Model 1 (c path)			Model 2 (b path)
Fixed effects	β		SE	β		SE
Constant	4.20	**	0.52	−0.13		1.42
Time	−0.40	**	0.06	−0.41	**	0.06
Female	−0.61	*	0.25	−0.50	†	0.29
Child Black	0.35		0.43	0.76		0.54
Child Hispanic	0.05		0.56	−0.18		0.67
Income to needs ratio at 36 months	−0.08	†	0.04	−0.08	†	0.05
Mother-child attachment security at 24 months	−0.14	*	0.05	−0.07		0.15
Internalizing behaviors at 36 months	0.04		0.03	0.08	†	0.04
Externalizing behaviors at 36 months	0.32	**	0.03	0.31	**	0.03
Avoidant attachment at 36 months	−0.13		0.59	-		-
Ambivalent attachment at 36 months	0.07		0.35	-		-
Controlling attachment at 36 months	−0.21		0.44	-		-
Insecure/other attachment at 36 months	0.12		0.50	-		-
Child-teacher closeness	-		-	0.05	*	0.02
Child-teacher conflict	-		-	0.11	**	0.03
Child-teacher dependency	-		-	−0.06		0.06
Random effects
Intercept	8.89	**	0.73	7.99	**	0.8
Grade slope	0.02		0.02	0.02		0.02
Residual variation	24.15	**	0.67	23.55	**	0.78
AIC	22571.23			15965.72
BIC	22725.94			16106.06

Note. N = 728 students;

^**p < 0.01,

^*p < 0.05,

^†p < 0.1