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. 2020 Oct 19;10:17672. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74273-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanisms of selenium (Se), silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and Se/SiO₂ NPs-induced drought stress tolerance in strawberry plants. Application of Se-, SiO₂- and Se/SiO₂-NPs to drought stressed strawberry plants could improve growth performance and yield parameters by (i) protecting photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence to improve photosynthetic capacity, (ii) increasing proline and total carbohydrates for greater osmoprotection, (iii) activating antioxidant systems for maintenance of efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, (iv) enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) level for improvement of root biomass and maintenance of proper osmotic status of the cells, and (v) accumulation of fruit biochemical compounds to increase fruit quality. RWC Relative water content, MSI Membrane stability index, Chls Chlorophylls, CARs Carotenoids, Chl FPs Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Carbs Total soluble carbohydrates, Pro Proline, Antho anthocyanin, TPC Total phenolic compounds, Vit C Ascorbic acid, DPPH antioxidant activity, WUE Water use efficiency, CAT Catalase, APX Ascorbate peroxidase, GPX Guaiacol peroxidase, SOD Superoxide dismutase, H₂O₂ Hydrogen peroxide, MDA Malondialdehyde.