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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2020 Aug 29;144:106062. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106062

Table 2:

Association between tooth lead levels and alpha diversity metrics.

Time of
Metal
Measurement		 Outcome Time of Stool
Measurement		 Bacterial Fungal
N β (SE)b p-value N β (SE)b p-value
2nd trimester Richness 1-Month 104 5.53 (6.98) 0.43 48 0.29 (1.65) 0.86
6-Months 96 −7.77 (7.31) 0.29 45 1.7 (1.51) 0.27
Evenness 1-Month 104 0 (0.01) 0.97 37 0.03 (0.05) 0.56
6-Months 96 −0.02 (0.01) 0.092 40 −0.02 (0.05) 0.73
Faith’s Diversitya 1-Month 104 0.16 (0.39) 0.67
6-Months 96 −0.19 (0.37) 0.61
Shannon’s Diversity 1-Month 104 0.01 (0.08) 0.89 48 0.06 (0.15) 0.67
6-Months 96 −0.11 (0.07) 0.11 45 0 (0.14) 0.99
3rd trimester Richness 1-Month 107 2.52 (6.37) 0.69 49 0.69 (1.82) 0.71
6-Months 101 −13.11 (8.36) 0.12 47 2.54 (1.56) 0.11
Evenness 1-Month 107 −0.01 (0.01) 0.43 38 0.03 (0.05) 0.52
6-Months 101 −0.02 (0.01) 0.19 42 0.03 (0.05) 0.58
Faith’s Diversitya 1-Month 107 0.03 (0.35) 0.93
6-Months 101 −0.52 (0.42) 0.22
Shannon’s Diversity 1-Month 107 -0.05 (0.07) 0.50 49 0.09 (0.16) 0.57
6-Months 101 −0.12 (0.08) 0.15 47 0.15 (0.15) 0.34
Postnatal Richness 1-Month 109 2.18 (7.16) 0.76 50 −1.85 (2.54) 0.47
6-Months 100 −2.55 (6.42) 0.69 46 −0.35 (1.05) 0.74
Evenness 1-Month 109 −0.02 (0.01) 0.21 39 0.07 (0.1) 0.47
6-Months 100 −0.01 (0.01) 0.40 41 0.06 (0.06) 0.36
Faith’s Diversitya 1-Month 109 −0.08 (0.39) 0.84
6-Months 100 0.11 (0.32) 0.74
Shannon’s Diversity 1-Month 109 −0.1 (0.08) 0.22 50 −0.07 (0.23) 0.78
6-Months 100 −0.05 (0.06) 0.46 46 −0.05 (0.1) 0.59
a

Faith’s phylogenetic diversity not able to be calculated for fungal data as no phylogenetic tree can be derived.

b

linear regression coefficient, which represents the change in alpha diversity metric, for a 1-SD increase in tooth lead level, after adjusting for tooth type, attrition, batch, exact age at stool sample collection, and child race.