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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2020 Aug 29;144:106062. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106062

Table 3:

Association between tooth lead levels and beta diversity metrics.

Time of Metal Outcome Time of Stool Measurement PERMANOVAa
N R2 p-value
Bacterial
2nd trimester Unweighted UniFrac 1-Month 104 0.007 0.87
6-Months 96 0.011 0.32
Weighted UniFrac 1-Month 104 0.012 0.28
6-Months 96 0.006 0.70
Canberra 1-Month 104 0.009 0.70
6-Months 96 0.011 0.46
Bray-Curtis 1-Month 104 0.010 0.40
6-Months 96 0.013 0.21
3rd trimester Unweighted UniFrac 1-Month 107 0.008 0.75
6-Months 101 0.011 0.25
Weighted UniFrac 1-Month 107 0.008 0.47
6-Months 101 0.006 0.66
Canberra 1-Month 107 0.009 0.66
6-Months 101 0.010 0.33
Bray-Curtis 1-Month 107 0.006 0.80
6-Months 101 0.009 0.55
Postnatal Unweighted UniFrac 1-Month 109 0.008 0.64
6-Months 100 0.008 0.84
Weighted UniFrac 1-Month 109 0.008 0.49
6-Months 100 0.006 0.75
Canberra 1-Month 109 0.008 0.84
6-Months 100 0.010 0.59
Bray-Curtis 1-Month 109 0.007 0.75
6-Months 100 0.009 0.58
Fungalb
2nd trimester Canberra 1-Month 48 0.018 0.59
6-Months 45 0.016 0.94
Bray-Curtis 1-Month 48 0.040 0.048
6-Months 45 0.014 0.65
3rd trimester Canberra 1-Month 49 0.019 0.51
6-Months 47 0.014 0.96
Bray-Curtis 1-Month 49 0.039 0.049
6-Months 47 0.006 0.94
Postnatal Canberra 1-Month 50 0.016 0.78
6-Months 46 0.021 0.52
Bray-Curtis 1-Month 50 0.021 0.39
6-Months 46 0.028 0.22
a

adjusted for tooth type, attrition, batch, exact age at stool sample collection, and child race.

b

UniFrac metrics not able to be calculated for fungal data as no phylogenetic tree can be derived.