Fig. 2 |.

Histopathology and immune reaction of rustrela virus in the brain of a capybara, Bennett’s tree-kangaroo and donkey. a–c) Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis with mononuclear, perivascular cuffing, brain, capybara (a), Bennett’s tree-kangaroo (b), and donkey (c). d) Mononuclear meningeal infiltrates, brain, donkey. e) Glial nodules, brain, donkey. f) Neuronal necrosis (arrow) and degeneration with satellitosis (arrow head), brain, donkey. HE stain; scale bar 20 μm (a–c, e–f), 50 μm (d). g–l) Immune reaction by immunohistochemistry, perivascular, brain, Bennett’s tree kangaroo; and in glial nodules, brain, donkey (j–l), numerous CD-3 labelled T- lymphocytes (g, j), Iba-1 positive microglial cells and macrophages (h, k), CD79a immunoreactive B- lymphocytes (i, l). Immunohistochemistry, AEC chromogen, Mayer’s haematoxylin counter stain, scale bar 20 μm. m–n) Apoptosis, few active Caspase-3 labelled cells (arrows), perivascular and scattered throughout the neuropil, brain, Bennett’s tree-kangaroo (m), brain, capybara (n). Immunohistochemistry, AEC chromogen, Mayer’s haematoxylin counter stain; scale bar 20 μm. o) Hemorrhage, Prussian Blue reaction demonstrates multiple iron deposits (arrows) within mononuclear cells found perivascularly, admixed with red blood cell accumulations, indicating intra-vital haemorrhage; scale bar 20μm. Immunohistochemistry was performed on at least 4 slides per animal, yielding comparable results in all cases. In each run, positive control slides and negative control primary antibodies were included. Evaluation and interpretation were performed by a board certified pathologist (DiplECVP) with more than 13 years experience