Table 6.
Associations of maternal urinary bisphenol concentration during pregnancy with childhood glucose metabolism at 10 years stratified for boys and girls.
| Measures of glucose metabolism at 10 years (in standard deviation scores, 95% confidence interval) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin | Glucose | ||||||
| Exposure | Trimester | Boys (n = 380) |
Girls (n = 373) |
p-value for interaction | Boys (n = 382) |
Girls (n = 374) |
p-value for interaction |
| BP | First trimester | 0.02 (−0.12; 0.16) | −0.03 (−0.16; 0.10) | 0.44 | 0.00 (−0.14; 0.14) | −0.03 (−0.16; 0.10) | 0.73 |
| Second trimester | −0.00 (−0.12; 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.15; 0.12) | 0.93 | −0.01 (−0.14; 0.11) | 0.07 (−0.07; 0.21) | 0.49 | |
| Third trimester | −0.16 (−0.28; −0.04)* | −0.07 (−0.20; 0.07) | 0.35 | −0.03 (−0.15; 0.09) | −0.07 (−0.21; 0.07) | 0.61 | |
| BPA | First trimester | 0.08 (−0.06; 0.22) | −0.05 (−0.18; 0.08) | 0.14 | 0.00 (−0.14; 0.14) | −0.01 (−0.14; 0.12) | 0.89 |
| Second trimester | −0.00 (−0.12; 0.12) | −0.00 (−0.14; 0.13) | 0.92 | −0.02 (−0.15; 0.10) | 0.07 (−0.07; 0.21) | 0.41 | |
| Third trimester | −0.10 (−0.21; 0.02) | −0.08 (−0.21; 0.05) | 0.83 | 0.04 (−0.07; 0.16) | −0.12 (−0.25; 0.01) | 0.05* | |
| BPS | First trimester | −0.13 (−0.25; −0.02)* | −0.01 (−0.13; 0.11) | 0.19 | −0.15 (−0.26; −0.03)* | −0.02 (−0.14; 0.10) | 0.12 |
| Second trimester | −0.05 (−0.18; 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.16; 0.09) | 0.98 | −0.06 (−0.19; 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.11; 0.15) | 0.33 | |
| Third trimester | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| BPF | First trimester | 0.06 (−0.08; 0.20) | −0.02 (−0.15; 0.12) | 0.38 | 0.07 (−0.07; 0.21) | −0.05 (−0.19; 0.10) | 0.24 |
| Second trimester | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Third trimester | −0.22 (−0.35; −0.09)† | −0.05 (−0.19; 0.09) | 0.15 | −0.19 (−0.32; −0.05)* | 0.05 (−0.10; 0.19) | 0.01* | |
Values are regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) from linear regression models that reflect the difference in glucose metabolism in SDS for an interquartile range increase in each natural log-transformed bisphenol (in μmol/g creatinine). Model includes child’s age and standardized BMI and maternal age, education, parity, ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, folic acid supplement use, maternal diet quality score, alcohol consumption and smoking habits (specifically in early, mid and late pregnancy). P-values for interaction of child’s sex are presented.
p-value<0.10;
p-value<0.05;
Significant after correction for multiple testing (p-value threshold of 0.0098).
BP, bisphenols; BPA, bisphenol A; BPF, bisphenol F; BPS, bisphenol S; NA: not applicable due to >80% of concentrations below limit of detection; SDS, standard deviation scores.