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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Auton Res. 2020 Aug 29;30(5):393–408. doi: 10.1007/s10286-020-00720-2

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Biological aging feature of angiotensin-(1–7) pathways and effects on the cardiovascular system. In premenopausal females, angiotensin-(1–7) elicits protective effects on cardiac function, vessel wall remodeling, and blood pressure control. These protective responses to angiotensin-(1–7) appear reduced in postmenopausal women following loss of estrogen, to potentially increase risk for developing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. Ang, angiotensin; HF, heart failure; NO, nitric oxide.