Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of veterans diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.
| Variable | Total Cohort (n=110,495) | Diabetes Absent (n=70,455; 63.8%) | Diabetes Present (n=40,040; 36.2%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at PH diagnosis (years) | 70.2 [62.1, 79.6] | 71.2 [61.9, 80.7] | 68.9 [62.4, 77.5] |
| Age categories (years) | |||
| <60 | 20,900 (18.9%) | 14,085 (20.0%) | 6,815 (17.0%) |
| 60–70 | 33,825 (30.6%) | 19,259 (27.3%) | 14,566 (36.4%) |
| 70–80 | 29,414 (26.6%) | 17,931 (25.5%) | 11,483 (28.7%) |
| >80 | 26,356 (23.9%) | 19,180 (27.2%) | 7,176 (17.9%) |
| Male | 106,562 (96.4%) | 67,556 (95.9%) | 39,006 (97.4%) |
| Race | |||
| White | 82,236 (74.4%) | 52,435 (74.4%) | 29,801 (74.4%) |
| Black | 18,558 (16.8%) | 11,397 (16.2%) | 7,161 (17.9%) |
| Other | 1,866 (1.7%) | 1,111 (1.6%) | 755 (1.9%) |
| Missing | 7,835 (7.1%) | 5,512 (7.8%) | 2,323 (5.8%) |
| Presumed PH group | |||
| PAH | 8,835 (8.0%) | 6596 (9.4%) | 2,239 (5.6%) |
| PH, left heart disease | 17,813 (16.1%) | 10,735 (15.2%) | 7,078 (17.7%) |
| PH, lung disease | 18,375 (16.6%) | 14,189 (20.1%) | 4,186 (10.5%) |
| CTEPH | 1,561 (1.4%) | 1,288 (1.8%) | 273 (0.7%) |
| PH, misc causes | 309 (0.3%) | 218 (0.3%) | 91 (0.2%) |
| Multiple causes of PH | 63,602 (57.6%) | 37,429 (53.1%) | 26,173 (65.4%) |
| Any heart disease | 78,135 (70.7%) | 45,653 (64.8%) | 32,482 (81.1%) |
| Any lung disease | 80,112 (72.5%) | 50,407 (71.5%) | 29,705 (74.2%) |
| Weight (kg) | 89.5 [75.3, 108] | 84.5 [71.7, 101] | 99.7 [83.8, 119] |
| Missing | 494 (0.4%) | 385 (0.5%) | 109 (0.3%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 [24.7, 34.5] | 27.4 [23.7, 32.2] | 32.0 [27.3, 37.8] |
| Missing | 3,265 (3.0%) | 2,405 (3.4%) | 860 (2.1%) |
| BMI category (kg/m2) | |||
| < 18.5 | 2,570 (2.3%) | 2,376 (3.4%) | 194 (0.5%) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 25,930 (23.5%) | 20,721 (29.4%) | 5,209 (13.0%) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 31,331 (28.4%) | 21,314 (30.3%) | 10,017 (25.0%) |
| ≥ 30 | 47,399 (42.9%) | 23,639 (33.6%) | 23,760 (59.3%) |
| Missing | 3,265 (3.0%) | 2,405 (3.4%) | 860 (2.1%) |
| Weight change in 3 years prior to PH | |||
| >5% loss | 22,598 (20.5%) | 13,797 (19.6%) | 8,801 (22.0%) |
| 1–5% loss | 19,250 (17.4%) | 11,687 (16.6%) | 7,563 (18.9%) |
| <1% change | 10,307 (9.3%) | 6,164 (8.7%) | 4,143 (10.3%) |
| 1–5% gain | 15,782 (14.3%) | 9,054 (12.9%) | 6,728 (16.8%) |
| >5% gain | 15,779 (14.3%) | 8,640 (12.3%) | 7,139 (17.8%) |
| Missing | 26,779 (24.2%) | 21,113 (30.0%) | 5,666 (14.2%) |
| Weight change in 3 years prior to PH (%) | −1.0 [−5.4, 3.5] | −1.2 [−5.6, 3.1] | −0.6 [−5.2, 4.0] |
| Missing | 26,779 (24.2%) | 21,113 (30.0%) | 5,666 (14.2%) |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 368 [127, 886] | 369 [120, 911] | 368 [137, 860] |
| Missing | 61,983 (56.1%) | 41,671 (59.1%) | 20,312 (50.7%) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.20 [0.92, 1.50] | 1.10 [0.90, 1.40] | 1.30 [1.00, 1.77] |
| Missing | 5,627 (5.1%) | 4,012 (5.7%) | 1,615 (4.0%) |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139 [136, 141] | 139 [137, 141] | 139 [136, 141] |
| Missing | 4,762 (4.3%) | 3,590 (5.1%) | 1,172 (2.9%) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 6.73 (1.37) | 5.98 (0.844) | 7.34 (1.41) |
| Median [IQR] | 6.40 [5.80, 7.35] | 5.90 [5.50, 6.30] | 7.10 [6.36, 8.03] |
| Missing | 42,633 (38.6%) | 40,168 (57.0%) | 2,465 (6.2%) |
| Died | 70,976 (64.2%) | 44,393 (63.0%) | 26,583 (66.4%) |
BMI: body mass index; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PH: pulmonary hypertension; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension. Notes: 1. Comorbid diagnoses listed are those present prior to or within 6 months after PH diagnosis. Laboratory, weight and BMI data are those values present within 6 months before to 6 months after PH diagnosis and if multiple values were available for a given patient, the median was taken. Values given are the median [25th, 75th percentile] unless specifically noted. Comparison between those with and without diabetes was performed using t-tests and Chi-square tests for continuous and categorical data, respectively. Comparing the groups with and without diabetes, all variables were statistically different (P<0.001) except for BNP (P=0.25).