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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2020 Jul 26;112:106576. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106576

Table 4.

Hierarchical logistic regression predicting ever vaping among young adults.

	Model 1: Demographics				Model 2: Adds Vaping Ad Exposure				Model 3: Adds Social Media Platform Use
Predictors	B	SE	Wald	OR [95% CI]	B	SE	Wald	OR [95% CI]	B	SE	Wald	OR [95% CI]
Block 1: Demographics
Age	−0.13	0.05	6.13^*	0.88 [10.79, 0.97]	−0.13	0.05	5.60^*	0.88 [0.79, 0.98]	−0.12	0.06	0.3.65	0.89 [0.79, 1.03]
Female	−0.39	0.18	4.72^**	0.68 [0.48, 0.96]	−0.38	0.18	4.38^*	0.68 [0.47, 0.98]	−0.52	0.20	6.83^**	0.60 [0.40, 0.88]
Non-White	0.14	0.18	0.64	1.15 [0.81, 1.64]	0.20	0.18	1.24	1.22 [0.86, 1.75]	0.25	0.19	1.70	1.28 [0.88, 1.85]
Hispanic	0.23	0.28	0.66	1.26 [0.73, 2.18]	0.20	0.28	0.49	1.22 [0.70, 2.12]	0.18	0.29	0.38	1.19 [0.68, 2.09]
Work for Pay	−0.54	0.19	8.25^**	0.58 [0.40, 0.84]	−0.58	0.19	8.57^**	0.57 [0.40, 0.83]	−0.58	0.20	8.83^**	0.56 [0.38, 0.82]
Smoking Status	1.90	0.17	118.30^***	6.65 [4.73, 9.36]	1.90	0.18	115^***	6.71 [4.74, 9.50]	1.92	0.18	112.43^***	6.85 [4.78, 9.76]
Block 2: Vaping Advertisement Exposure Outlets
Newspapers					−0.25	0.18	5.83^*	0.78 [0.64, 0.95]	−0.25	0.10	5.58^*	0.78 [0.63, 0.96]
TV/Movies					−0.−.08	0.10	0.65	0.92 [0.74, 1.13]	−0.11	0.11	1.03	0.89 [0.72, 1.11]
Smartphones					0..25	0.11	5.76^*	1.20 [1.05, 1.58]	0.26	0.11	5.91^*	1.30 [1.05, 1.60]
Block 3: Social Media Platform Use
Facebook									0.04	0.04	0.96	1.04 [0.96, 1.13]
Instagram									−0.14	0.05	8.27^**	0.87 [0.79, 0.96]
YouTube									−0.06	0.05	1.14	0.94 [0.85, 1.05]
Snapchat									0.19	0.06	1.14	1.22 [1.10, 1.36]
−2 Log Likelihood				784.11				773.40				755.17
Nagelketke R²				0.34				0.36				0.38

Note. B = unstandardized coefficient, SE = standard error, Wald = Wald x², OR = odds ratio.

^*

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001.