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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2020 Apr 23;120(19):10695–10743. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00810

Figure 18.

Figure 18.

(A) Schematic of the mechanism of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation in the GelMA network. (B) Schematic of printing setup. HUVECs encapsulated in the prepolymer system were first micropatterned, followed by MG63 cells encapsulated into the prepolymer system. The printed rings are then assembled in a modular fashion into tubes. (C) Characterization of osteon-like double-ring modules. Phase-contrast images of micropatterned print of single unit as well as a full tube assembly. (D) Confocal image of cells in the structure at day 7. (E) Fluorescent image of the tube under rhodamine (red) perfusion. (F) Schematic of the cortical bone used as inspiration for print. Reproduced with permission from ref 285. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.