Table 2:

Effects of maternal hypercholesterolemia during gestation or lactation on offspring hepatic lipid metabolism in fetal, newly-weaned, and adult stages.

					Offspring Hepatic Phenotype
Author	Model	Maternal Diet	Postnatal Diet	Offspring Age	CH	TG	Lipid Regulatory Protein & mRNA	Additional Outcomes
Gestation Exposure
Yao et al. [77]	Golden Syrian hamster	Chow or CH (0, 0.12,0.5, 2.0%)	N/A	GD 11.5	↑	N/A	↔ SREBP2, HMGCoAr, HMGCoAs PT	-
Montoudis et al. [78]	New Zealand White rabbit	Chow or CH (0.2%)	N/A	GD 30	↑	N/A	N/A	↓ ACAT & HMGCoAr activity
Marseille-Tremblay et al. [79]	New Zealand White rabbit	Chow or CH (0.2%)	N/A	At birth	↑	↓	↓ FAS PT ↔ HMGCoAr, SREBP1, & SREBP2 PT	-
Dumolt et al. [80]	ApoE −/−	Chow or CH (0.15%)	N/A	GD 18	↔	↑	↓ ACC, FAS, SREBP1c mRNA	↑ miR-27a ↓ miR-200c
Lactation Exposure
Yao et al. [91]	Golden Syrian hamster	Chow or CH (2.0%) (from GD14)	Chow	3 & 10 WOA	3 WOA: ↑ 10 WOA: ↔	N/A	N/A	Sterol synthesis: 3 WOA: ↑ 10 WOA: ↔
Tsuduki et al [92]	C57BL/6J	Chow or CH (0.2%) (from birth)	Chow	3 & 10 WOA	3 WOA: ↑ 11 WOA: ↑	3 WOA: ↔ 11 WOA: ↑	3 WOA: ↑ LRP1, LXRα & Insig2 mRNA ↓ HMGCoAr & Insig1 mRNA 10 WOA: ↑ LRP1, HL, ACO mRNA ↓ SREBP1c mRNA	-

Abbreviations:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCoAr); acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC); acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO); apolipoprotein E (apoE); cholesterol (CH); fatty acid synthase (FAS); gestational day (GD); hepatic lipase (HL); insulin-induced gene (Insig)1; Insig2; liver X receptor α (LXRα); low-density lipoprotein-like receptor 1 (LRP1); microRNA (miR); postnatal (PN); postnatal day (PND); protein (PT); sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1; SREBP2; total cholesterol (TC); triglyceride (TG); weeks of age (WOA).