Table 3.

Behaviour Change Techniques Used to Train HCPs in Empathy Identified Using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. Effect Sizes Taken from Howick et al. with effect sizes

	1.1 Goal setting	1.2 Problem solving	1.4 Action planning	2.2 Feedback on behaviour	2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour	4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour	5.3 Information about social/environmental consequences	6.1 Demonstration of behaviour	6.2 Social comparison	7.1 Prompts/cues	6.3 Information about others’ approval	8.1 Behavioural practice	9.1 Credible source	9.2 Pros and cons	Total	Effect size (std. mean difference)
Chassany 2006						x				x			x	x	64	− 0.19
Fujimori 2014		x		x		x		x			x	x	x		67	− 0.16
Kaptchuk 2008				x		x		x				x	x		5	− 0.52
Little 2015	x		x		x	x	x				x				6	− 0.35
Soltner 2011												x			1	− 0.02
Vangronsveld 2012						x							x		2	− 0.13
White 2012									x						1	0.16
Total	1	1	1	2	1	5	1	2	1	1	2	3	4	1	27