Fig. 4.

Gray matter deficits in FTD mutation carriers measured by voxel-based morphometry. In both affected (symptomatic) and presymptomatic stages of disease, carriers of the C9orf72 expansion, MAPT and GRN mutations each exhibited distinct atrophy patterns with overlap in frontotemporal cortex and insula. Both C9orf72 and GRN feature parieto-occipital atrophy in addition to frontotemporal atrophy, while MAPT targets the mesial temporal lobe. In the presymptomatic C9orf72 group, circles indicate significantly low gray matter volume in the thalamus. Maps illustrate brain regions with reduced grey matter probability in affected (p < 0.05 FWE-corrected) and presymptomatic (p < 0.001 uncorrected) carriers compared to noncarriers. FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FWE, familywise error rate. Reprinted from Cash et al. (2018).