Table 1.

General composition (g 100 mL⁻¹) of milk from different mammalian species^#.

	Ruminants						Non-ruminants		Human
Properties	Cattle	Buffalo	Goat	Sheep	Red deer*	Camel	Horse	Donkey
Total solids	11.8–13.0	15.7–17.2	11.9–16.3	18.1–20.0	20.0–30.5	11.9–15.0	9.3–11.6	8.8–11.7	10.7–12.9
Protein	3.0–3.9	2.7–4.7	3.0–5.2	4.5–7.0	5.9–10.6	2.4–4.2	1.4–3.2	1.4–2.0	0.9–1.9
Fat	3.3–5.4	5.3–9.0	3.0–7.2	5.0–9.0	6.6-19.7	2.0–6.0	0.3–4.2	0.3–1.8	2.1–4.0
Lactose	4.4–5.6	3.2–4.9	3.2–5.0	4.1–5.9	2.6-6.2	3.5–5.1	5.6–7.2	5.8–7.4	6.3–7.0
Ash	0.7–0.8	0.8–0.9	0.7–0.9	0.8–1.0	1.04–1.18	0.69–0.9	0.3–0.5	0.3–0.5	0.2–0.3
OligosaccharidesΩ	0.003–0.006	No data	0.025–0.030	0.002–0.004	No data	No data	No data	No data	0.500–0.800

^#Source: Adapted and modified from Claeys et al. (19) and Crowley et al. (13).

^*Values based on minimum and maximum values found in the literature for different species of red deer; may include values from different stages of lactation (20–24).

^ΩValues derived from Martinez-Ferez et al. (25).