Table 1.
Study Characteristics
| Study name, country, enrollment years, clinical sites, eligibility criteria, number of randomized subjects | Age mean (SD); median (IQR); range (%) % < 65 |
Male (%) | Pack-years mean (SD); median (IQR); range (%) | Current smokers (%) | LDCT screening and comparator (N) | Follow-up (years) mean (SD); median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lung Screening Study (LSS)26, 33, 34 US, 2000–2001 6 sites Ages 55–74 Smoking history: ≥ 30 pack-years Current or quit ≤ 10 years N = 3318 |
55–59 (38.5) 60–64 (31.2) 65–69 (21.2) 70–74 (11.8) 69.7% < 65 |
58.6 |
< 40 (17.8) 40–55 (33.5) 55–75 (22.9) 75+ (24.8) |
57.5 |
LDCT, 2 annual rounds (N = 1660) Control, CXR, 2 annual rounds (N = 1658) |
5.2 (IQR NR) |
|
Italy, 2001–2006 3 sites Men ages 60–74 Smoking history: ≥ 20 pack-years Current or quit ≤ 10 years ago N = 2532 |
64.0 (IQR 5) % < 65 NR |
100.0 | 47.3 (IQR 2.4) | 56.9 |
LDCT, baseline radiograph and sputum cytology, 5 annual rounds of LDCT (N = 1300) Control, baseline radiograph and sputum cytology, 5 annual clinical review (N = 1232) |
8.35 (IQR NR) |
|
National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)4, 38–42 US, 2002–2004 33 sites Ages 55–74 Smoking history: ≥ 30 pack-years Current or quit ≤ 15 years N = 53,452 |
61.4 (SD 5.0) 73.4% < 65 |
59.0 | 48 (SD NR) | 48.2 |
LDCT, 3 annual rounds (N = 26,722) Control, CXR, 2 annual rounds (N = 26,730) |
6.5 (IQR NR) |
|
Nederlands Leuvens Longkanker Screeningsonderzoek (NELSON)5, 43–49 Belgium/Netherlands, 2004–2006 4 sites Smoking history: 25 years ≥ ¾ pack, 30 years> ½ pack Quit ≤ 10 years Exclude lung cancer < 5 years and/or on treatment N = 15,792 |
58 (IQR 8) 82.7% < 65 |
83.6 | 38 (IQR 19.8) | 55.5 |
LDCT, 4 rounds: baseline, 1 year, 3 years, 5.5 years (N = 7900) Control, no screening (N = 7892) Baseline, year 1, year 3, year 5.5 |
10 (minimum) |
|
Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST)28, 50–52 Denmark, 2004–2006 1 site Ages 50–70 Smoking history: ≥ 20 pack-years Current or quit within 10 years (and at age > 50) N = 4104 |
Screening 57.9 (SD 4.8) Control 47.8 (SD 4.8) 91.0% < 65 |
55.2 |
Screening 36.4 (SD 13.4) Control 35.9 (SD 13.4) |
76.1 |
LDCT, 5 annual rounds (N = 2052) Control, 5 annual health interviews (N = 2052) |
9.8 (IQR NR) |
|
Italian Lung study (ITALUNG)30, 53, 54 Italy, 2004–2006 3 sites Ages 55–69 Smoking history: ≥ 20 pack-years Current or quit < 10 years N = 3206 |
60.7 (SD NR) 70.6% < 65 |
64.7 | 41.6 (SD NR) | 64.5 |
LDCT, 4 annual rounds (N = 1613) Control, usual care (N = 1593) |
9.3 (IQR, 8.8–9.9) |
|
Multicentric Italian Lung Detection (MILD) 29, 55–57 Italy, 2005–2011 1 site Ages 49 to 75 Tobacco use: ≥ 20 pack-years Current or quit < 10 years N = 3446 |
Control 57 (IQR NR) Intervention 58 (IQR NR) 86.3% < 65 |
64.5 |
Control 38 (IQR NR) Intervention 39 (IQR NR) |
89.2 |
LDCT, 3 or 5 rounds(N = 1723; 864 annual, 859 biennial) Usual care (N = 1723) |
9 (93.5) 10 (71.0) |
|
German Lung Cancer Screening Intervention Trial (LUSI)31, 58, 59 Germany, 2007–2011 1 region Ages 50–69 Smoking history: 25 years ≥ ¾ pack, 30 years > ½ pack Current or quit ≤ 10 years N = 4052 |
55 (IQR NR) 72.1% < 65 |
64.7 | NR | 61.9 |
LCDT, 5 annual rounds (N = 2029) Control, 5 annual surveys (N = 2023) |
8.89 (IQR NR) |
|
AME Thoracic Surgery Collaborative Group32 China, 2013–2014 1 site Ages 45–70 Smoking history: ≥ 20 PY Current or quit < 15 years Other environmental, personal, or family risk factors N = 6679 |
59.8 (SD 5.8) % < 65 NR |
46.8 |
≥ 30 (8.2%) ≥ 20–30 (6.8%) < 20 (12.9%) Other risk factors Cooking oil exposure (61.2%) Carcinogenic occupational exposures (9.3%) |
21.5 |
LDCT, 2 biennial rounds (N = 3512) Control, standard care (N = 3145) |
2 (SD, IQR NR) |
LDCT, low-dose computed tomography; NR, not reported; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation