Table 5.

Drugs employed in multi-antiviral testing conducted by Elfiky, 2020.

Native physiological compounds with high binding affinity for RdRp activity     GTP, UTP, CTP, and ATP
FDA-approved drugs		Mechanism of action
Galidesivir	Nucleoside analog that binds RdRp	Causes structural changes that lead to termination of RNA elongation (113)
Remdesivir	Nucleoside analog	Is incorporated into viral RNA once metabolized, and prevents further addition of nucleotides (114)
Tenofovir	Nucleotide analog, reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV	Also inhibits HBV polymerase through competitive binding with deoxyribonucleotide substrate, causing termination
Sofosbuvir	Nucleotide analog inhibitor	Binds HCV NSP 5B on the RdRp; is incorporates into viral RNA once metabolized and causes chain termination (115)
Ribavirin		Activated by adenosine kinase to ribavirin-triphosphate-RTP; binds to the nucleotide binding site and prevents further nucleotide addition. Another mechanism of action is the inhibition of 2-O'-methyltransferase, resulting in disruption of the 5'CAP addition to viral mRNA (116)
Clinical trials—mechanism of action unknown.
Uprifosbuvir, Setrobuvir, Balaprevir, 2'-C-methylcytidine, Valopectibine BMS-986094, MK0608, R7128, R1479, IDX-184, YAK, PSI-6130 and PSI-6206