Table 3.

Effects of olive oil components on TNBC cells.

Component	Effects	Model	Target or Mechanism	References
Hydroxytyrosol/Oleuropein	Inhibited BCSC renewal Activated autophagy Decreased Invasion/metastasis Induced apoptosis	SUM159PT, BT549, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells	Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β LC3-II/LC3-I, beclin-1, p62 Autophagy ROS accumulation, NF-κB	(57) (58) (58) (59)
Oleanolic acid	Apoptosis and autophagy Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest Decreased migration	MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells	Akt, NF-κB ROS accumulation Rac1	(60) (62, 107) (65)
Oleic acid	Enhanced proliferation Enhanced invasion Enhanced migration Enhanced chemosensitivity	MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells	Akt, PI3K MMP9, NF-κB FFAR1, FFAR4, FAK, SCD1, PLD/mTOR FASN	(64, 108) (64, 109) (64–67, 110) (68)
Oleocanthal	Decreased proliferation, migration, invasion Decreased tumor volume Decreased tumor recurrence Extended tumor latency Decreased proliferation	MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 xenografts MDA-MB-231 xenografts MDA-MB-231 xenografts MDA-MB-231 cells	c-MET, TRPC6 c-MET MET, HER2, E-cadherin, vimentin c-MET PI3K/mTOR	(69, 70, 111) (69, 71, 72) (71, 72) (72) (73)
Pinoresinol	Cytotoxic	MDA-MB-231 cells	Pro-oxidant	(74)