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. 2020 Oct 6;11:542017. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.542017

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Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Xu, Li, Zhao, Han, Lei, Yang, Peng and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relationships among phylogeny, lifestyles, structural rearrangements, and gene non-functionalization in hemiparasitic plastomes. ML tree was constructed by using 55 conserved intact genes. Thicken branches represented lineages with the expanded IR region. Blue and green branches showed the lineages with the rearrangement of LSC/SSC and the inverted SSC regions, respectively. Black and red letters above branches represented the pseudogenized and missing ndh genes, respectively. The italic trn indicated the majority of tRNA genes were lost in the lineages. Taxa in black and blue were the facultative and obligate hemiparasites, respectively.