Table 4.
Classification of stroke based on vessels occlusion and TOAST in COVID-19 patients.
| References | Large vessels occlusion (LVO) vs non-LVO | Location of large vessels, n | Classification of stroke based on TOAST, n | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVO | Non-LVO | Large vessels | Small vessel | Cardioembolic | Cryptogenic | Others | ||
| Lodgiani et al. (32) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Benussi et al. (33) | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Klok et al. (34) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Jain et al. (35) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 17 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yaghi et al. (36) | 45.5% | 55.50% | N/A | 2 | 0 | 7 | 21 | 2 |
| Escalard et al. (37) | 100% (they include only LVO) | 0 | Carotid terminus (30%); M1 (60%), M2 (0%), Basillar (10%), Multiteritorial (50%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Helms et al. (39) | N/A | N/A | NA | N/A | NA | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Xiong et al. (40) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mao et al. (13) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Beyrouti et al. (41) | 6 | 0 | M1 (1), M2 (1), Posterior cerebral (2), Vertebral (1), Unknown (1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Avula et al. (42) | 2 | 2 | Internal carotid (1), MCA 1 (not specified M1 or M2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Zhang et al. (43) | 0 | 3 | Not applicable - Non LVO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Barios Lopez et al. (44) | 1 | 2 (1 not known) | MCA 1 (not specified, M1 or M2) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oxley et al. (45) | 5 | 0 | Internal Carotid (1), MCA 3 (not specified M1 or M2), Posterior cerebral (1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Tunc et al. (Tunç et al., 2020) | 0 | 4 | Not applicable—Non LVO | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Morassi et al. (46) | 0 | 6 | Not applicable—Non LVO | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Wang et al. (47) | 5 | 0 | Internal carotid (2), M1 (1), Tandem carotid+M2 (1), Multiteritorial (1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Zayet et al. (48) | 0 | 2 | Not applicable—Non-LVO | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Fara et al. (49) | 0 | 3 | Not applicable—Non LVO | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Valderrama et al. (21) | Yes | No | Internal carotid + MCA (proximal M1) and ACA | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Viguier et al. (50) | No | Yes | Not applicable (non-occlusive ICA thrombus) | Yes (ICA) | No | No | No | No |
| Sharafi Razavi et al. (51) | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable (because bleeding) | No | No | No | No | No |
| Christian Oliver et al. (52) | No | Yes | Not applicable (Non-LVO) | Yes (M1) | No | No | No | No |
| Gonzalez-Pinto et al. (53) | Yes | No | Internal carotid + MCA and ACA | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Moshayedi et al. (54) | Yes | No | Proximal M1 | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| Hughes et al. (55) | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable (because cerebral venous thrombosis -sigmoid and transverse sinus | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Gunasekaran et al. (56) | N/A | N/A | NA | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Goldberg et al. (57) | No | Yes | Not applicable (Non-LVO) | Yes | No | No | No | No |
LVO, Large vessels occlusion; MCA, Middle cerebral artery; ACA, Anterior cerebral artery; N/A, Not available; For LVO—cohort % but case series number; Pertaining to studies with only one patient with stroke, Yes or No was used instead of n value.