Table 6.
Blood parameters as inflammation markers among COVID-19 patients with stroke.
| References | Blood parameters as inflammation markers | Platlet (x109) | PT (secs) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESR (mm/ 1hr) | CRP (mg/L) | Ferritin (mg/L) | D-dimer (mg/L) | LDH (IU/L) | Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | Antiphospholipids | Procalcitonin, ng/mL | IL-6 (pg/mL) | Troponin (pg/mL) | |||
| Lodgiani et al.* (32) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Day 4–6: Total survivor 0.389 (0.246–0.685)Day 4–6: Total non-survivor 0.943 (0.611–2.618) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Benussi et al. (33) | 49 (range 29.3-85) | 28 (range 44-71.1) | 452.5 (range 268.8-871) | 735.5 (range 364.3–2910.8) | 277.7 (range 239 - 365) | 471 (range 368-545) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 27.0 (range 10.0–41.0) | 276 (range 197–315) 264.3) | 12.8 (range 12.2– 15.6) |
| Klok et al. (34) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Jain et al. (35) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Yaghi et al. (36) | 79 (IQR 53)vs 40 (IQR86)* | 0.101 (IQR 0.176) | N/A | 3.9 (IQR 7.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Only in 8 patients 10.5 (IQR 96.25) in covid positive | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Escalard et al. (37) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Helms et al.* (39) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.27 (IQR 1.16 - 20) | N/A | 699 (IQR 608 - 773) | Positive Lupus anticoagulants in 50 patients | N/A | N/A | N/A | 200 (IQR 152–267) | 84 (73–91) |
| Xiong et al. (40) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mao et al.* (13) | N/A | 12.2 (range 0.1 - 212) | N/A | 0.5 (range 0.1 - 20) | 241.5 (range 2.2 - 908) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 209 (range 18–583) | N/A |
| Beyrouti et al. (41) | N/A | 139.5 ± 108.0 | 1925.8 ± 1732.9 | 25.3 ± 28.3 | 502.5 ± 127.0 | 628 ± 202 | 5 patients: Positive lupus anticoagulant and 1 patient: Positive medium titer IgM anti-cardiolipin + low-titer IgG and IgM anti–β2-glycoprotein-1 | NA | NA | 31.1 ± 21.7 High sensitive pg/mL | 290 ± 100.6 | 15.5 ± 9.3 |
| Avula et al. (42) | N/A | 184 ± 57 (in 3 patients) | 513.5 (135.9 - 891) ng/L | 8.704 ± 5.62 (in 2 patients) | 456 ± 256 | N/A | N/A | 4.9 ± 6.5 (in 2 patients) | 8.5 pg/mL (1 patient) | 0.065 (<0.01–0.14) pg/mL | 219 ± 94.5 | 15.5 ± 2.5 |
| Zhang et al. (43) | N/A | 97.8 ± 36.8 | 2207.8 (only in 1 patient) | 9.0 ± 10.4 | 427 ± 199.7 | 500 ± 120 | 3 patients: positive for IgA anti-cardiolipin and IgA and IgM anti–β2-glycoprotein-1 | 0.23 ± 1.6 | NA | 1338.9 ± 2198.7 pg/mL (troponin I) | 112 ± 58.6 | 16.4 ± 1.2 |
| Barios Lopez et al. (44) | N/A | 82.6 ± 115.4 | 722.6 ± 590.5 | 28.5 ± 44.3 | 508.8 ± 283 | 462.8 ± 113.2 | 1 patient: positive IgG anti–β2-glycoprotein-1 | 0.28 ± 0.36 | 3 pg/mL | 17.9 ± 11.8 pg/mL | 293 ± 6.9 | 12.2 ± 0.8 |
| Oxley et al. (45) | N/A | N/A | 659 ± 638.2 | 3.66 ± 5.8 | N/A | 516.8 ± 138.6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 297 ±112.4 | 13.8 ± 1.0 |
| Tunc et al. (Tunç et al., 2020) | N/A | N/A | 150.5 ± 68.7 | 0.713 ± 0.24 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Morassi et al. (46) | N/A | 93.6 ± 94 | N/A | 3.9 ± 3.3 | 860.4 ± 223.4 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Wang et al. (47) | Elevated | Elevated | N/A | Elevated | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Elevated | N/A | N/A | Elevated |
| Zayet et al. (48) | N/A | 69.5 ± 39.5 | N/A | 10278.5 ± 8092.5 (out of range despite same unit) | 505.5 ± 179.5 | 6,050 ± 550 | 1 patient: positive IgM anti-cardiolipin | N/A | NA | 791.3 ± 744.7 | 171.5 ± 98.5 | 12.05 ± 0.25 |
| Fara et al. (49) | N/A | Elevated in all patients | N/A | Elevated in 1 patient | N/A | NA | 1 patient: positive low titer IgM anti-cardiolipin | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Valderrama et al. (21) | 37 | 11 | 588 | >10 | N/A | 235 | NA | N/A | NA | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Viguier et al. (50) | N/A | 219 | 1096 | 2.2 | N/A | 820 | Negative | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sharafi Razavi et al. (51) | 85 | 10 | NA | NA | N/A | NA | NA | N/A | N/A | N/A | 210 | 12 |
| Christian Oliver et al. (52) | 86 | 1920 | 4609.33 | 1.16 | 406 | NA | NA | 0.8 ng/mL | NA | 145 pg/mL | 409 | 12.9 |
| Gonzalez-Pinto et al. (53) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7.54 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | NA | N/A |
| Moshayedi et al. (54) | N/A | N/A | N/A | NA | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | NA | N/A |
| Hughes et al. (55) | 31 | 15 | N/A | NA | N/A | Unclear | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 202 | 11.1 |
| Gunasekaran et al. (56) | N/A | N/A | 3079 | 28.07 ng/ml | N/A | 860 | Negative | N/A | N/A | N/A | 303 | N/A |
| Goldberg et al. (57) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Positive IgM anti-cardiolipin | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-Reactive Protein; LDH, Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase; IL-6, Interleukin 6; PT, prothrombin time; N/A, Not available.
*
Denotes study with characteristics all COVID-19 patients and not specific to stroke patients.