Table 1.

Source and role of neuropeptide Y.

Sorting	Source	Role	Reference
Nonimmune tissue	Splenic sympathetic nerve	Mediates the communication between nerve and Tyrosine Hydroxylase+ leukocyte	(15)
	Retina	Regulates immune cells involved in maintaining the immune immunity of the eye	(4, 16, 17)
	Myc-CaP cells	Promotes the migration of macrophages and the secretion of IL-6 to participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment	(18)
	Vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages	Increases chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, thereby amplifying vascular inflammation and triggering the formation of smooth muscle foam cells.	(6)
	Enterocyte	Regulates the migration of medullary immune cells to mucous membranes and plays an anti-inflammatory role	(7)
	Bone marrow endothelial cells	Activates the Y1R in macrophages to promote neural protection.	(19)
	Thymic epithelium	Protects thymus cell development	(5)
Monocyte system	Langerhans cells	Helps protect the skin against invading microbes	(20)
	Human monocyte-derived DC	Is involved in the maturation of dendritic cells	(21)
	Mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes and human peripheral blood monocytes	Is involved in the regulation of monocyte function	(22, 23)
	Mouse DC and macrophages	Performs anti-inflammatory role	(24)
	Airway macrophages	Is involved in the regulation of cytokine production and cellular activity of immune cells in asthma	(25)
	Retinal microglia	Is involved in the regulation of eye inflammation	(26)
	Primary hippocampal microglia	May be related to the immune response against sepsis	(27)
	N9 microglial cell line	Inhibits NO synthesis and IL-1β release	(28)
Lymphocyte	T and B lymphocytes	Is involved in lymphocyte autoregulation	(29, 30)
Granulocyte	Mastocyte	Executes a role in the infection and elimination of hepatitis virus	(30)

DC, dendritic cell; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; NO, nitric oxide.