Table 1.

Pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters of the three currently approved SGLT2 inhibitors

A1c-lowering effects refer to studies in which the SGLT2 inhibitor was given as an add-on to metformin (compared with metformin alone).

Drug	Bioavailability (187)	t½	Route of excretion	A1c lowering
	%	h		%
Canagliflozin	65	10–13 (188)	Urine, feces	0.8–1.0 (189, 190)
Dapagliflozin	78	13 (191)	Urine	0.7–0.8 (192, 193)
Empagliflozin	90	13 (194)	Urine, feces	0.6–0.8 (195, 196)