Table 4.
Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infections Occurrence Among Surgical Patients
| Variables | Categories | Status of SSI | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (N, %) | Yes (N, %) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Sex | Male | 128(82.6) | 27(17.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Female | 98(77.8) | 28 (22.2) | 1.35(0.75–2.44) | 7.23(0.27–13.6) | 0.801 | |
| Age (in years) | ≤20 | 25(89.3) | 3(10.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| 21–40 | 114 (87.0) | 17(13.0) | 1.24(0.34–4.57) | 0.71(0.09–5.63) | 0.749 | |
| 41–60 | 63(72.4) | 24(27.6) | 3.18(0.88–11.49)* | 6.63(0.89–19.3) | 0.065 | |
| ≥61 | 24(68.6) | 11(31.4) | 3.82(0.95–15.4)* | 0.33(0.19–5.81) | 0.450 | |
| Types of surgery | Elective | 131(87.1) | 19(12.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Emergency | 95(72.5) | 36(27.5) | 2.61(1.41–4.83)* | 2.82(0.47–16.8) | 0.254 | |
| Comorbidity status | Yes | 38(52.8) | 34(47.2) | 8.01 (4.20–15.28)* | 9.18(5.17–17.9) | <0.001 |
| No | 188(90) | 21(10) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Duration of surgery in hours | <1 | 75(88.2) | 10(11.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| 1–2 | 95(82.6) | 20(17.4) | 1.58(0.7–3.58) | 0.85(0.12–6.10) | 0.870 | |
| >23 | 48(78.7) | 13(21.3) | 2.03(0.83–5.0)* | 0.52(0.033–8.15) | 0.640 | |
| >34 | 8(40) | 12 (60) | 11.25(3.7–34.2)* | 0.38(0.012–12.9) | 0.803 | |
| Wound class | Clean | 92(86) | 15(14) | 1 | 1 | |
| Clean-contaminated | 63(85.1) | 11(14.9) | 1.07(0.46–2.48) | 1.94(0.145–15.8) | 0.617 | |
| Contaminated | 49(74.2) | 17(25.8) | 2.13(0.98–4.62)* | 6.01(1.77–16.8) | 0.019 | |
| Dirty | 22 (64.7) | 12 (35.3) | 3.35(1.37–8.15)* | 7.20(1.23–12.1) | 0.029 | |
| Prophylactic antibiotics | Received | 210(84.3) | 39(15.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Not received | 16(50) | 16(50) | 5.39(2.49–11.66)* | 6.63(1.89–19.3) | 0.006 | |
| Timing of prophylaxis administration |
30 minutes before surgery | 88(88) | 12(12) | 1 | 1 | |
| 30 minutes to 1 hour before incision | 98(90.7) | 10(9.3) | 0.8(0.32–1.97) | 0.56(0.1–3.04) | 0.499 | |
| 1 to 2 hours before incision | 14(45.2) | 17(54.8) | 10.2(3.93–26.62)* | 8.2(4.34–18.1) | 0.001 | |
| Not known | 5 (50) | 5 (50) | 7.82(1.95–31.37)* | 10.33(0.89–22.1) | 0.062 | |
| Duration of SAP administration | Single dose | 85(81) | 24(19) | 1 | 1 | |
| 24 hours | 86(93.5) | 6(6.5) | 0.26(0.1–0.68)* | 0.30(0.64–1.45) | 0.136 | |
| 48 hours | 29(74.4) | 10(25.6) | 1.22(0.52–2.86)* | 7.20(1.23–28.17) | 0.027 | |
| 72 hours | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 9.43(1.71–51.93) | 5.89(0.43–12.28) | 0.834 | |
Note: *p<0.2.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; SAP, surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.